Water Quality & Availability
What do we call water that is safe to drink?
Potable water
What is the process where water changes from liquid to vapour?
Evaporation
Name one main use of a multipurpose dam.
Irrigation / flood control / electricity / recreation
What organism causes malaria?
Female Anopheles mosquito - Plasmodium parasite
Name two main sources of water pollution.
Domestic waste / industrial waste / agriculture
What is desalination?
The process of removing salt from seawater to make it drinkable
Name two processes in the water cycle.
Condensation, precipitation, transpiration, infiltration
What is one environmental impact of dam construction?
Loss of habitats or displacement of people
How is malaria transmitted?
By the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito
What is the main pollutant from farms that leads to eutrophication?
Fertilisers (nitrates and phosphates)
What is meant by a water-poor country?
A country with limited freshwater resources compared to its population
What is the role of plants in the water cycle?
They absorb water and release it through transpiration
Describe the link between poverty and water-related diseases.
Poor sanitation and lack of clean water increase infection risks
Give two ways to prevent malaria.
Insecticide-treated nets / removing stagnant water / vector control
Why is sewage a major pollutant in developing countries?
Lack of sewage treatment and sanitation
Explain the term physical water scarcity.
When water resources are insufficient to meet demand in a region
How does deforestation affect the water cycle?
It reduces transpiration and increases surface run-off
What is the main source of water on Earth?
Oceans
Explain why clean water is important to prevent cholera.
It stops infection by bacteria spread through contaminated water
Give one example of industrial pollution that affects rivers or lakes.
Toxic chemicals / heavy metals / factory waste
Suggest two reasons why some regions are water-rich and others are water-poor.
Climate and rainfall differences / economic development / population growth
Describe how human activity can alter the water cycle.
Urbanisation, agriculture, and pollution modify infiltration and evaporation
Explain how climate change might affect global water availability.
More droughts and floods / uneven distribution
What is sewage?
Wastewater from homes, industries, and agriculture
Name one bacterial disease caused by contaminated water.
Cholera / typhoid