Spine 1
How many vertebrae are in the Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar regions of the spine?
7
12
5
C1 and C2 have 2 ligaments, these are what?
Alar
Transverse
Nuclear material migrates but outer annulus remains intact.
Disc protrusion
Which muscles are tight during anterior pelvic tilt?
Trunk extensors and hip flexors
Excessive Hip Anteversion is typically known as greater than ____ degrees?
15 degrees
This vertebrae's spinous process has a 60 degree angle, what is it?
Thoracic
A 16-year-old gymnast complains of low back pain. On imaging, there is a forward slippage of L5 over S1. Which condition best describes this patient’s diagnosis?
Spondylolisthesis
Which vertebrae are most commonly involved in spondylolisthesis?
L5–S1
If a patient injured the piriformis muscle, what nerve would potentially be compromised?
Piriformis nerve
This ligament helps to reinforce the anterior
aspect of the hip and limits hyperextension
Iliofemoral ligament
What are the discs and facets joints responsible for in the lumbar vertebrae?
Discs = flx/ext
Facet Joints = Rotation
A 70-year-old woman presents with a rounded upper back and reports stiffness in her thoracic spine. On observation, her thoracic curve is abnormally increased. Which condition best describes this posture?
Kyphosis
This Muscle:
- Bilaterally flexes the neck
- (Unilaterally Bends)
- (Rotates Face opposite Side)
SCM
In hip flexion, the femoral head moves in which direction on the acetabulum?
Posteriorly
________ is when the angle of the femur/hip is less than 125 degrees.
Coxa varum
What position has the most disc pressure?
Sitting and bending forward
C1 has no body and articulates with the occiput, this makes C1 a _______ vertebrae.
Atypical
A patient presents with lateral flexion of the neck and assistance with inspiration during deep breathing. Which muscle group is primarily responsible for both of these actions?
Scalenes
The obturator nerve is associated with which group of muscles?
The Adductors (Bonus points if you can tell me which of the Adductors is NOT innervated by obturator)
This muscle flexes and laterally rotates the hip. Known as the "dog poo" muscle.
The Sartorius
A 45-year-old patient presents with a history of hyperextension injury to the thoracic spine. Imaging shows strain to a ligament that runs along the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies. Which ligament is most likely involved?
Anterior longitudinal ligament
What is the primary function of the intervertebral disc?
Shock absorption and flexibility
What motion(s) will I be testing if given the following landmarks
Axis: Auditory Meatus
Stationary Arm: Perpendicular to the ground
Moving Arm: Base of nostrils
Neck flx/ext
These 3 muscles insert at the PES Anserine
Semitendinosus
Gracilis
Sartorius
Nutation of the sacrum occurs with?
Trunk flexion or hip extension