Colonies 1
What was the first permanent English settlement in North America?
Jamestown
Why did settlers at Jamestown struggle at first?
Disease, starvation, poor leadership, and conflicts with Native Americans.
Who founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and why?
The Puritans, led by John Winthrop, for religious freedom.
What was the main economic activity of the Southern Colonies?
Cash crops such as tobacco, rice, and indigo.
What was King Philip's War?
A violent conflict (1675-1676) between New England colonists and Native Americans led by Metacom (King Philip).
Who founded the colony of Maryland, and why?
Lord Baltimore (Cecil Calvert), as a refuge for Catholics.
What crop saved Jamestown's economy?
Tobacco
What policy did the Quakers of Pennsylvania practice toward Native Americans?
Fair treatment and purchasing land instead of taking it.
What type of economy developed in the New England Colonies?
Fishing, shipbuilding, trade, and small farms.
Pocahantas
(c.1595-1617) American Indian princess, she saved the life of John Smith when he was captured and sentenced to death by the Powhatan. She was later taken prisoner by the English, converted to Christianity, and married colonist John Rolfe.
Which colony was founded by the Pilgrims?
Plymouth colony in Massachusetts
Mayflower Compact
(1620) a document written by the Pilgrims establishing themselves as a political society and setting guidelines for self-government
Which colony was originally founded by the Dutch as New Amsterdam?
New York
What type of economy developed in the Middle Colonies?
Farming grains ("the breadbasket colonies") and trade.
Pilgrims
a member of a Puritan Separatist sect that left England in the early 1600s to settle in the Americas
Which colony was founded by Roger Williams for religious freedom and separation of church and state?
Rhode Island.
indentured servants
a colonist who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years
Why was Georgia founded?
As a buffer against Spanish Florida and a place for debtors to start over.
What was the Middle Passage?
The brutal journey enslaved Africans endured across the Atlantic.
immigrants
a person who moves to another country after leaving his or her homeland
Who founded Pennsylvania, and what group mainly settled there?
William Penn, Quakers
Roanoke
Established in 1587. Called the Lost Colony. It was financed by Sir Walter Raleigh, and its leader in the New World was John White. All the settlers disappeared, and historians still don't know what became of them.
By the early 1700s, how many English colonies were established along the Atlantic Coast?
13
What were the Salem Witch Trials?
A series of trials in Massachusetts (1692) where people were falsely accused of witchcraft.
Colonization
a parent country establishes distant settlements in foreign land