Perceptual Foundations
What is perceptual learning?
Extracting and internalizing information from the senses.
What is conceptual learning?
Understanding abstract ideas, concepts, and how to organize ideas
True or False. Does self-identification foster social categorization?
True
Is racial bias a consequence of social categorization?
True/yes
Yes or No. Noticing a difference indicates categorization.
No
In early conceptual development, children rely on ______, _______ theories to guide category-based inferences in systematic ways.
abstract, intuitive
Revealed that own-group positivity bias emerges in response to similarity shared between individuals, even in the absence of competitive or cooperative primes.
True
In Bodenhausen 1988, what conclusion about the effect of social categorization on memory did the study demonstrate?
Social categorization influences memory. Adults remember stereotype-consistent information over stereotype-inconsistent information.
What is the main category-based inference children use to guide their conceptual understanding of categories?
In-group preference/bias.
Among preschool- and primary school-aged children, random assignment to a novel group of children is sufficient to activate what social motivations?
play more with in-group members
trust in-group members more
share more with in-group members
evaluate in-group members more favorably
Around what age is it evident that stereotype-based performance effects emerge in development? For example, girls performance in math.
5 years old