History of Marine Science
This ancient civilization kept the earliest written records of ocean voyages. It is origin of the famous ancient story The "Odyssey"!
Who were the Greeks?
Earth’s rigid outer layer, broken into plates, is called this.
What is the lithosphere?
The layer where temperature drops rapidly with depth.
What is the thermocline?
Winds blow from high-pressure to low-pressure areas because of differences in this.
What is density?
This dissolved gas is essential for respiration but has low solubility in warm water.
What is oxygen?
This explorer led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe.
Who was Ferdinand Magellan?
New seafloor is created at this type of boundary.
What is a divergent boundary?
The total amount of dissolved salts in water.
What is salinity?
This effect causes moving air and water to curve due to Earth’s rotation.
What is the Coriolis effect?
Sediments originating from land are called this.
What are terrigenous sediments?
This 19th-century expedition is considered the foundation of modern oceanography.
What is the Challenger Expedition?
The process where one plate sinks beneath another.
What is subduction?
The three major density layers of the ocean are surface, pycnocline, and this one.
What is the deep zone?
The rising of deep, cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface.
What is upwelling?
Microscopic shells are collectively known as this.
What is ooze?
This technology, developed during WWII, revolutionized the mapping of the seafloor.
What is sonar?
This hypothesis, proposed by Alfred Wegener, suggested continents once formed a supercontinent.
What is continental drift?
Water is called the “universal solvent” because of this molecular property.
What is polarity?
Three major atmospheric circulation cells exist in each hemisphere: Hadley, Ferrel, and this one.
What is the Polar cell?
This process decreases seawater salinity by adding freshwater from ice melt or rainfall.
What is dilution?
He is known as the “Father of Physical Oceanography.”
Who is Matthew Maury?
This asthenosphere process drives plate movement.
What are convection currents?
This process increases salinity in surface waters.
What is evaporation?
This boundary between two air masses of different temperatures and densities often drives storm formation and influences global wind patterns.
What is a front?
When CO₂ dissolves in seawater, it forms this compound that can lower pH.
What is carbonic acid?