Kingdoms & Time
Name the three major periods of ancient Egypt.
Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms
Which boy king’s tomb was found almost untouched in 1922?
Tutankhamun (King Tut)
What was the main purpose of a pyramid?
A tomb for a pharaoh
How did Egyptians view the pharaoh’s status in society and religion?
As a god (god-king)
Where did Hatshepsut send her most famous trade expedition?
Punt (at the southern end of the Red Sea)
Which Kingdom is called the Age of the Pyramids?
Old Kingdom
Which Old Kingdom pharaoh built the Great Pyramid at Giza?
Khufu
About how many stone blocks were used to build the Great Pyramid?
Over 2 million (about 2.3 million)
Why did Egyptians mummify bodies?
To preserve them for the afterlife
How many ships did Hatshepsut's expedition use?
Five ships
Why is the Middle Kingdom called the Period of Reunification?
It followed years of chaos/disunity and reunited Egypt
Which New Kingdom pharaoh promoted trade and led an expedition to Punt?
Hatshepsut
What hard white stone was the White Chapel made of?
Alabaster
What do artifacts buried with pharaohs tell us?
Their beliefs, wealth, daily life, and plans for the afterlife
Name two materials Senusret I supplied that artisans used.
Gold, copper (also accept gems like amethyst/turquoise)
Which Kingdom is known as Egypt’s Golden Age, and why?
New Kingdom; peak power, trade, expansion, and monuments
Which pharaoh battled the Hittites and later made peace with them?
Ramses II
Name the cliff-cut temple with four seated statues of Ramses II.
Abu Simbel (Great Temple)
What creature with a lion’s body and human head guarded pyramid complexes?
The Sphinx (Great Sphinx at Giza)
Which Middle Kingdom story tells of an official who fled Egypt and then returned?
“The Story of Sinuhe”
Place these rulers in order from earliest to latest: Ramses II, Khufu, Hatshepsut, Senusret I.
Khufu → Senusret I → Hatshepsut → Ramses II
Which Middle Kingdom pharaoh supported the arts and oversaw gold/copper/gem mines?
Senusret I
Inside Abu Simbel, what happens twice a year with the sunlight?
Sunlight travels down the halls and illuminates the statues in the inner room
How do monuments along the Nile show government strength?
They required organized labor, resources, and planning—evidence of strong government control
Why did archaeologists have to reconstruct the White Chapel?
A later pharaoh dismantled it and reused the blocks; the pieces were later found and reassembled
A festival procession at Karnak celebrates a pharaoh’s 30th year on the throne. The crowd gathers at a small alabaster chapel whose blocks were later found inside a pylon and reassembled by archaeologists in 1924.
Name the pharaoh.
State the Kingdom period and an approximate date range of his reign.
Pharaoh: Senusret I
Period & dates: Middle Kingdom, ~1971–1926 B.C.E. (accept “early 1900s B.C.E.”)
Two evidence-based explanations (any 2):
Jubilee (30th year) = message of stability & longevity.
Alabaster (possibly gilded) = wealth, purity, sacredness → divine legitimacy.
Reliefs show the pharaoh with gods → religious authority.
Placement at Karnak (major temple center) = public visibility & state power.
High-quality craftsmanship funded by mines (gold/copper/gems) = prosperous, well-organized government.