INDUSTRY & ECONOMY
What does nationalisation mean?
Taking businesses and banks,factories into state ownership.
Who were kulaks?
Wealthy peasants labelled as enemies for “political unreliability.”
Which group became the “leading social group”?
Urban and rural workers.
When were schools nationalised?
1950.
What is a description of Rákosi?
Stalin's Most Devoted Disciple
Name the economic system where the state sets all production targets.
Command economy.
Define “compulsory delivery.”
Peasants had to hand over produce to the state at low prices.
What happened to the “former ruling classes”?
They lost property and influence; many were removed from positions.
Which foreign language became compulsory?
Russian
Name media used to glorify Rákosi.
Posters, poems, songs, newspapers, speeches.
“Peace loan bonds” were…
a) voluntary savings
b) forced loans
c) Western aid
b) forced loans
How much of the land remained private?
About two-thirds.
Who were “reactionary officials”?
Civil servants, engineers, managers seen as politically unreliable.
What art style did the regime promote?
Socialist realism.
Which portraits were often shown together?(Schools, offices, state holidays)
Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin (and Rákosi,Gerő)
Why did substandard goods appear?
Because unrealistic industrial targets forced factories to produce quantity over quality.
Give one reason peasants resisted collectivisation.
Loss of land, low state prices, fear of persecution, lack of motivation.
Why didn’t a “classless society” actually exist?
Because new privileges and a new hierarchy formed under the party.
Why was Mindszenty arrested?
He was accused (falsely) as a representative of “clerical reaction.”
What was the purpose of the personality cult?
To emphasise the greatness of leaders and strengthen loyalty.
Give two goals of the First Three-Year Plan.
Rebuild economy, develop heavy industry, create working-class support, reduce dependence.
Explain the “black pig slaughter” (feketévágás).
Illegal private slaughter to avoid compulsory delivery.
Explain “class warfare” in one sentence.
The regime labelled groups as ‘enemies’ and removed or punished them to build a socialist society.
Give two tools the regime used to control culture.
Censorship, ideological education, control of curriculum, elimination of modern culture, socialist realism.
Rákosi's 60th birthday.