Sleep cycles
this stage of sleep is the lightest, marked by hypnagogic sensations and the feeling of falling.
Rem stage 1
this part of the brain controls basic life functions like breathing, and heart rate
medulla
according to Piaget, this stage is when infants learn about the world though senses and actions like looking, touching, and grasping.
sensorimotor stage
this term describes the strong emotional bond between a child and caregiver.
attachment
this memory store holds information for only a few seconds unless actively rehearsed.
short term memory
this term refers to the body's 24 hour cycle of biological rhythms, including sleep and wakefulness
circadian rhythm
known as the "little brain" this structure helps with balance, coordination, and fine motor skills.
cerebellum
childern in this stage struggle with conversation and are often egocentric.
preoperational stage
this type of parent is cold, has few rules, and is often uninvolved.
neglectful parenting
B.F. Skinner is most associated with this type of learning, based on rewards and punishments.
operant conditioning
this gland releases melatonin, helping regulate the sleep-wake cycle.
pineal gland
this brain area is the body's "switchboard" routing incoming sensory information to the correct part of the brain.
thalamus
In Erikson's stages, this conflict occurs in adolescence, when individuals explore who they are and what they believe in.
Identity vs. role confusion
secure attachment
this phenomenon occurs when individuals perform worse in groups because they assume others will pick up the slack.
social loafing
this sleep disorder causes episodes of walking or performing actions during deep NREM sleep.
sleepwalking
this brain structure helps from new memories and is crucial for learning
hippocampus
erikson said this early childhood stage involves learning independence and self- control, often seen in toddlers asserting "i do it!"
Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt
babies often show this behavior by following or staying close to their caregiver
proximity seeking
this cognitive bias causes us to search for information that supports our existing beliefs.
confirmation bias
this roughly 90-minute pattern repeats throughout the night, shifting between REM and non-REM sleep.
the sleep cycle
what lobe of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?
occipital lobe
IN this erikson stage preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and activities; if discouraged, they may feel guilty about trying.
initivate vs. guilt
a child who explores freely when the parent is present but checks back often shows this type of attachment.
secure attachment
this stage of Piaget's cognitive development allows for hypothetical reasoning and abstract
operational stage