History of English
Who were the Germanic tribes that invaded England in the 5th century?
Angles, Saxons, and Jutes
What does RP stand for?
Received Pronunciation
List two types of context that can influence meaning:
Physical
Linguistic (co-text)
Turn-taking in linguistics is:
A type of organization in conversation where participants alternate turns when speaking
What is a sociolect?
A variety of speech associated with a particular social class or occupational group within a society.
Who invaded Britain in the 8th - 10th centuries? What language did they speak?
The Vikings
Old Norse
Both Cockney and MLE are dialects from which region?
London
Personal, spatial, and temporal
What are Grice's Maxims?
Quantity, quality, relation, and manner
What is an idiolect?
Speech patterns specific to a particular person.
What happened in 1066? What influence did it have on language?
Norman Invasion (Battle of Hastings)
Led to the development of Middle English (Norman-French influence on Old English, e.g. court, army, defense, etc.)
Provide a country where English receives co-official status.
Ireland (Irish)
South Africa (Afrikaans)
Identify the antecedent and anaphora in the following sentence:
Lucy heard that John was looking for her in the library, but by the time she got there, he had already left.
Antecedent: Lucy, John
Anaphora: she, there, he
Which of Grice's maxims is being violated in the following sentence:
Teacher: We're almost finished, just 2 more slides.
There are 12 more slides.
Quality - Do not say that which you believe to be false or for which you lack adequate evidence.
What is 'register'?
Conventional way of using language which is appropriate for a particular context (situational, occupational, topical)
List 2 events that influenced Early Modern English.
The Great Vowel Shift
The English Renaissance
The Printing Press
Cockney and MLE
In linguistics, what does 'face' refer to?
Public self-image
Which of Grice's maxims is being violated in the following sentence:
Friend 1: Did you have a good time at the concert?
Friend 2: It's freezing outside.
Relation: Be relevant
Jargon = technical vocabulary associated with a specific job or area of interest.
Slang = words or phrases that are used instead of more everyday terms among younger speakers and other groups with special interests.
A language used by people who do not speak the same mother tongue is a:
Lingua Franca
'Cultivated', 'general', and 'broad' describes varieties of which accent:
Australian.
"Close the window" is an example of a) a direct speech act, or b) an indirect speech act?
Direct speech act - Function and form match (imperative command)
Which of Grice's maxims is being violated in the following sentence:
Parent: Where have you been all day? I called you 4 times.
Child: Around.
Quantity: Make your contribution as informative as is required.
What is the difference between 'overt prestige' and 'covert prestige'?
Overt prestige = when a speaker changes their speech to a form which is more common among those perceived as having a higher social status
Covert Prestige = the “hidden” status of a speech style which has positive value for certain speakers.