GI
Name one lifestyle change to reduce GERD symptoms.
Small frequent meals.
Avoidance of irritating foods.
Sitting upright after meals.
According to the source material, during which period of development is an embryo most vulnerable to the development of defects from teratogenic agents?
15 to 60 days.
What is a diverticulum?
Outpouching of a hollow structure in the body.
Chronic gastritis is most often associated with:
Viral Infection / H. pylori / Lactose Intolerance
Helicobacter Pylori
Which of the following conditions is caused by the influence of multiple genes along with environmental factors, rather than a single mutant allele?
Hemophilia A / Cystic Fibrosis / Cleft/Lip or Cleft Palate
Cleft Lip/Cleft Palate
According to the source material, a deficiency in which nutrient has been implicated in the development of neural tube defects like spina bifida?
Folic Acid
The primary etiology of celiac disease is?
Autoimmune Reaction to Gluten
A man is affected by Huntington chorea, an autosomal dominant disorder. His partner is unaffected. What is the probability that their child will inherit the disorder?
50%
The acronym TORCH is used to identify a group of agents that can cause congenital malformations. What does the 'R' in TORCH stand for?
Rubella
A high fiber diet helps in diverticular disease because?
Reduces intraluminal pressure.
What is the defining characteristic of an autosomal recessive disorder's manifestation?
It is manifested only when both members of the gene pair are affected.
A diagnostic procedure that involves obtaining a sample of fetal tissue for genetic analysis is known as:
Chorionic Villi Sampling
Name one protective factor and one vulnerability factor of the peritoneum.
It has a large surface area that permits rapid absorption of bacterial toxins into the blood.
The peritoneum is also well adapted for producing an inflammatory response to control infection by secreting a thick, sticky, and fibrinous substance that adheres to other structures and seals off the perforated viscus, aiding in localizing the process.
Localization is enhanced by sympathetic stimulation that limits intestinal motility.
Although the diminished or absent peristalsis that occurs tends to give rise to associated problems, it does inhibit the movement of contaminants throughout the peritoneal cavity.
A person has two different alleles for a particular gene pair. How would this genetic state be described?
Homozygous / Phenotype / Heterozygous
Heterozygous
Which inflammatory bowel disorder presents with a cobblestone appearance and skip lesion AND which disorders presents with continuous bloody lesions.
Crohn Disease
Ulcerative Colitis