Chapter 11
This was the color the peppered moth became due to heavy pollution during the Industrial Revolution, due to natural selection.
What is black, or dark?
A branched diagram showing the evolutionary relationships amongst different organisms.
What is a phylogenetic tree?
Reptiles must use outdoor conditions to maintain their body temperature; therefore, they are called this type of organism.
What is an ectotherm?
These molecules move signals throughout the body, via the endocrine system.
What are hormones?
This is Charles Darwin's theory for the mechanism behind "descent with modification".
What is natural selection?
These structure types formed because of descent from a recent common ancestor, and are of a similar structure but have a different function.
The mneumonic (saying) you should memorize in order to remember the orders of classifying life, from largest to smallest.
What is Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti?
The filtration of waste products in the blood after nutrient absorption takes place in this organ.
What is the kidney?
This organ detoxifies the blood and digests fats (although most fats are digested in the small intestine).
What is the liver?
Bacteria, Eukarya, Archaea
What are the three domains of life?
This is when a species undergoes speciation without leaving the same geographic area.
What is sympatric speciation?
This is what two organisms sharing a very recent common ancestor are called.
What is sister taxa?
The "fight or flight" syndrome is activated by this part of the nervous system.
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
Immovable joints bound by connective tissue are called this.
What are fibrous joints?
All the organisms sharing a single common ancestor
What is a clade?
An example of this is a population of beetles being run over by a bike tire, affecting the allele frequency of that beetle population.
What is genetic drift?
This is the answer when asked if a class or a family has more organisms.
What is a class?
This organ reabsorbs water from undigested food and stores waste until it is eliminated.
What is the large intestine?
On a hot day, your blood vessels do this to cool you off.
What is vasodilation?
Speciation is linked with this type of evolution, signifying that two populations of the same species can "drift" apart genetically and become two different species.
What is divergent evolution?
Analogous structures are linked with this type of evolution, signifying that two or more organisms may have descended from different ancestors but they have structures that look similar but did not evolve from the same ancestor, but have the same function (example; a bird wing and an insect wing)
What is convergent evolution?
These are the two classification ranks used to write a binomial name (in Latin) for an organism.
What is a genus and a species?
The smallest cell in the lung, the exchange of oxygen for CO2 occurs here.
What is the alveolus (alveoli)?
The part of the nerve cell acting as an insulator to prevent the signal from going astray.
What is the myelin sheath?
This is when several different species of birds can occupy the same tree by living in different areas of the tree and eating different foods associated with the tree.
What is adaptive radiation?