Hypertension
What is considered hypertension?
>130/80.
What is the leading cause of Congestive Heart Failure?
Coronary Artery Disease.
What is arteriosclerosis?
The thickening and harding of arterial walls.
What lab tests are ran to test for hyperlipidemia?
LDL, HDL, triglycerides and total cholesterol.
What treatments are used for myocardial infarction?
What are symptoms of hypertension?
awakening with headache, disorientation, confusion
What are symptoms of CHF?
dyspnea on exertion, bilateral ankle edema, wheezing, weight gain.
What are 2 common signs or symptoms associated with arteriosclerosis?
Angina(chest pain), dizziness.
Other signs and symptoms include dyspnea, fatigue, nausea or palpitations.
What class of drugs help with treatment?
Statin Drug class (statins, bile acid sequestrates, nicotinic acid, fibrates, omega-3 fatty acids).
What are the 2 types of CAD?
Angina and myocardial infarction.
What factors should the nurse consider when monitoring blood pressure?
anxiety, stress, and activity before the assessment
What is the severity of class 4 CHF?
symptoms experienced with any activity and during rest, bed rest may be required.
What are 3 diagnostic tests that may be used to detect arteriosclerosis?
Blood tests, angiography, CT scan.
What are common causes that lead to hyperlipidemia?
Lifestyle that includes diet high in saturated and trans fats, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
What negative effect can nitroglycerin have and when is it administered?
Orthostatic hypotension and is administered when patient has angina (chest pain)
How can you treat hypertension?
rest, reduce sodium and weight. pharmaceuticals (ACE inhibitors), non-pharmaceuticals(meditation, diet changes).
How can you manage CHF?
bed rest, ace inhibitors, frequent changes of positioning.
What are 3 major complications that can result from untreated arteriosclerosis?
Heart Attack, Stroke, Kidney Disease/Failure.
What is hyperlipidemia?
High cholesterol, which means there are too many lipids in the blood.
What are common symptoms of CAD?
Chest pain, shortness of breath, pain that radiates to jaw, neck, back or arms.
What are causes of hypertension?
vasoconstriction associated with aging, hyperthyroidism, Paget's disease, anemia
Which breath sounds heard on auscultation would indicate CHF?
Moist crackles.
How do different types of arteriosclerosis cause different symptoms and affect care?
Atherosclerosis: Plaque build-up narrows arteries which leads to chest pain and stroke risk. Arteriolosclerosis:Affect small arteries and arterioles which raises BP, and decreases blood flow. Monckeberg Sclerosis: Calcium deposits stiffen artery walls without narrowing and may not cause symptoms.
If hyperlipidemia is left untreated what could result?
Heart attack or stroke.
What is CAD?