Autonomic NS
The _____ NS is your "fight or flight" response, whereas the _____ NS is your "rest and digest" response.
sympathetic, parasympathetic
What is the largest part of the brain?
The cerebrum
Name one effect of the sympathetic NS and one effect of the parasympathetic NS.
Sympathetic - pupil dilation, decreased salivation, increase HR and force of contraction, bronchodilation, increased sweating, vasodilation of blood vessels to skeletal muscles, increased glucose release, epi and norepi release, relaxation of digestive muscles, contraction of urinary sphincter, etc.
Parasympathetic - pupil constriction, increased salivation, decreased HR, bronchoconstriction, contraction of digestive muscles, relaxation of urinary sphincter, etc.
Gyri = thick folds on cerebrum surface
Sulci = shallow grooves between gyri
Parasympathetic fibers leave the brainstem in which cranial nerves? (name at least one!)
Oculomotor (CN III), facial (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), and vagus (CN X)
What are the meninges of the brain from innermost to outermost?
In the sympathetic NS, preganglionic fibers travel from the _____ to the _____.
spinal nerve, ganglion
*postganglionic fibers then leave from the ganglion! they then travel directly to their target organs or via the carotid plexus or to the collateral ganglia and synapse there*
Name at least two functions of the cerebellum
Motor coordination and locomotor ability
Sensory, linguistic, emotional, and other nonmotor
functions including:
• Comparing textures of objects
• Perceiving space (as tested by pegboard puzzles)
• Recognizing objects from different views
• Keeping judge of elapsed time and maintaining tapping rhythm
• Directing eye movements to compensate for head movement
• Judging pitch of tones; distinguishing between spoken words
• Helping in verbal association tasks
• Planning, scheduling, and emotion control
In the sympathetic NS, preganglionic fibers travel by way of the _____ communicating ramus while postganglionic fibers travel by way of this _____ communicating ramus.
white, gray
*white matter is _____, gray matter is _____???*
How does the blood-brain barrier protect the brain?
Impenetrable tight junctions between the endothelial cells that form the capillary walls around the brain allow only necessary substances to pass through.