Chapter 8
Epidemiology
Epidemiology
The more data collected, the better the information and research quality. True or False?
True
Cultural competency - the ability to understand, communicate with, and effectively interact with people across cultures.
True or False
True
Public health ethics focuses primarily on improving the health of populations rather than that of individual patients.
A) True
B) False
A) True
What is the focus of Epidemiology?
A) The study of observing patterns of distribution and determining a disease within a population.
B) The diagnosis and treatment of individual patients with diseases.
C) The biological mechanisms and pathways of disease at the cellular level.
D) The psychological and behavioral responses to illness and health.
A) The study of observing patterns of distribution and determining a disease within a population.
The above water line on the cultural iceberg model includes clothing, race and gender.
True or False
False
Justice in public health means giving every person the same amount of resources regardless of need.
A) True
B) False
B) False
What is a challenge that epidemiologists may not normally face when observing physical activity throughout different populations?
A) Cultural differences regarding activities.
B) Available technology.
C) Self-report bias.
D) Laboratory testing or clinical diagnosis requirements.
D) Laboratory testing or clinical diagnosis requirements.
What does the culture (below the surface) in the Cultural Iceberg Model include?
A. Language and education
B. Clothing and music
C. Values, beliefs, attitudes, assumptions, world-view
D. Festivals and holidays
A. Language and education
Which response MOST aligns with public health ethical standards?
A) Collecting health data to improve future policy, even if participation is minimally informed
B) Sharing disease trends with the community while protecting individual privacy
C) Requiring health screenings in high-risk areas without consulting residents
D) Allocating resources equally across all neighborhoods to avoid bias
B) Sharing disease trends with the community while protecting individual privacy
What is Incidence?
A) The rate at which people in a population die from different causes throughout a particular period.
B) The number of new cases of a disease occurring during a specific period of time.
C) The number of people affected by a particular disease.
D) The proportion of deaths caused by a particular disease among those who have the disease.
B) The number of new cases of a disease occurring during a specific period of time.
What is a “shared goal” of cultural humility and cultural competency?
A. To create identical cultures across different groups
B. To promote respectful cross-cultural engagement, support equity and inclusion, and encourage self-awareness
C. To judge cultures based on their visible traits only
D. To teach people to avoid their own culture completely
B. To promote respectful cross-cultural engagement, support equity and inclusion, and encourage self-awareness
A city mandates vaccination during an outbreak, even though some residents refuse.
What ethical principle is being prioritized in this decision?
A) Individual autonomy
B) Equity in clinical care
C) Population well-being & harm prevention
D) Data confidentiality above all
C) Population well-being & harm prevention
What is Prevalence?
A) The number of new cases of a disease that occur in a population over a specific time period.
B) The total number of cases of a disease in a population during a specific period of time.
C) The speed at which a disease spreads through a population.
D) The percentage of a population that is immune to a specific disease.
B) The total number of cases of a disease in a population during a specific period of time.
Who first introduced the Cultural Iceberg Model describing culture as an iceberg with visible and hidden parts in 1976?
A. Geert Hofstede
B. Edward T. Hall
C. Clifford Geertz
D. Margaret Mead
B. Edward T. Hall
Which of the following are the roles of professional public health organizations (such as APHA, WHO, and NRA)?
Choose the best pair.
A) Only lobby for government funding
B) Provide evidence-based guidelines & professional development
C) Replace hospitals and clinics
D) Focus only on student research
B) Provide evidence-based guidelines & professional development