Intro: Chapter 1-5
Which body cavity contains the stomach?
Abdominal
Which epidermal layer is present only in thick skin
Stratum lucidum
What is the process of bone formation called?
Ossification
Which muscle type is voluntary and striated?
Skeletal Muscle
Which division of the autonomic nervous system activates the “fight-or-flight” response?
Sympathetic
Which organelle is considered the control center of the cell & why?
Nucleus --> houses DNA and controls cell activity
Which type of burn causes blisters and damages the epidermis and upper dermis
2nd Degree
Which bones connect to the ribs (which vertebrae region)?
Thoracic vertebrae
What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to start a muscle contraction?
ACH (Acetylcholine)
What is the primary role of gray matter in the CNS?
processing and integration information
What is the correct anatomical position?
Body upright, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward
What pigment produced by melanocytes helps protect DNA from UV radiation?
Melanin
Name the cells that actively build bone and the cells that resorb bone.
Osteoblasts build bone; osteoclasts resorb bone
Describe the sliding filament mechanism in one sentence (what happens to actin and myosin).
Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other causing sarcomere shortening (contraction)
Name the neurological disorder from the course that involves abnormal protein buildup
Alzheimer’s disease
Which feedback mechanism primarily maintains blood glucose homeostasis?
Negative Feedback
Using the ABCDE rule for melanoma, what does the "A" stand for and how would you identify it?
Asymmetry — one half of mole does not match the other half
Describe one anatomical differences between a typical female pelvis and a typical male pelvis that relate to childbearing.
Female pelvis: wider pelvic inlet, broader subpubic angle, more shallow/oval-shaped pelvic cavity — adaptations for childbirth
Explain the difference between isotonic and isometric contractions
Isotonic: muscle changes length
Isometric: tension without length change
Describe what a reflex arc is and identify the processing center commonly responsible for many reflexes.
A reflex arc is a neural pathway for rapid, involuntary responses; many reflexes are processed in the spinal cord
Name the six chemical elements essential for life
C, H, O, N, P, S
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
Explain why severe burns are life‑threatening
Major risk is loss of fluids and electrolytes and increased infection risk
A patient’s epiphyseal plate ossifies — what change occurs to the growth plate?
The epiphyseal plate ossifies into an epiphyseal line
Explain why ATP is required for both contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscle.
ATP is needed to detach myosin from actin;
ATP also powers the Ca2+2+ pumps that return calcium to the sarcoplasmic reticulum for relaxation.
Name two hallmark features of Parkinson’s disease and the neurotransmitter primarily involved.
Hallmark Features = Tremor and slowed movements
Neurotransmitter = Dopamine