Earth's Layers
The solid, rocky outer layer of Earth.
the crust
The ancient supercontinent that existed 300–200 million years ago.
Pangaea
A volcano is...
An earthquake is...
An intense shaking of the earth's surface
The scientist who created the continental drift hypothesis.
Alfred Wegener
The partially molten layer plates move on top of.
The asthenosphere
The type of boundary where plates move away from each other.
Divergent boundary
Magma becomes this once it reaches the surface.
lava
The waves that travel through Earth during an earthquake.
seismic waves
The supercontinent Alfred Wegener proposed is called...
Pangaea
The liquid layer of iron and nickel that generates Earth’s magnetic field.
outer core
Where one tectonic plate sinks beneath another.
convergent boundary
or
subduction zone
Molten rock beneath Earth’s surface.
Magma
What is the difference between the Richter Scale and the Moment of Magnitude Scale?
The moment of magnitude scale can measure higher magnitude earthquakes and the Richter scale can only measure smaller, more localized earthquakes
The main flaw in Wegener’s original theory: he couldn’t explain this
He could not explain the mechanism that moved the continents
The deepest layer, solid iron, extremely hot.
inner core
The process in the mantle that drives plate motion.
Convection current
or
mantle convection
List the three different reasons volcanoes can form that were discussed in class.
1) Hot spots
2) Divergent boundaries
3) Convergent boundaries
The instrument used to measure and analyze earthquake waves.
Seismogram
True or False: Matching geological formations across continents was one of the three types of evidence Wegener had for his theory of Continental drift
True
These two layers together make up Earth’s core.
Inner and outer core
A theory that explains how Earth's lithosphere is broken into large and small plates that move over the asthenosphere and result in a variety of geological phenomena (earthquakes, volcanoes etc).
List at least 3 ways scientists monitor volcanic activity.
Thermal monitoring
Gas emissions
Ground deformation analysis
Satellite imaging
Along plate boundaries
Name 3 pieces of evidence Wegner had to support continental drift
Coastline fit, fossil distribution and the matching geological formations across continents