Government Structure in New France
Who was at the top of the Government hierarchy structure in New France?
a) The King
b) The Governor
c) The Intendant
d) The Seigneurs
a) The King
What was the Seigneurial system?
a) It was a form of land distribution established in New France to promote settlement
b) A military ranking system used by French officers to organize troops
c) A trade agreement between France and Britain to regulate fur exports
d) A religious hierarchy created by the Catholic Church to govern parish life
d)
a) It was a form of land distribution established in New France to promote settlement
How was the initial relationship between French settlers and First Nations?
a) Hostile and violent
b) Cooperative and supportive
c) Neutral and distant
d) Competitive
b) Cooperative and supportive
What was the initial purpose of the Roman Catholic Church in New France?
a) To regulate fur trade agreements between France and Britain
b) To maintain order in the colony by being involved in settlers’ daily lives, not just spiritual matters
c) To organize military defenses against Indigenous nations and British forces
d) To oversee farming practices and distribute land to habitants
b) To maintain order in the colony by being involved in settlers’ daily lives, not just spiritual matters
Which European demand fueled the fur trade?
a) Gold
b) Beaver pelts
c) Timber
d) Fish
b) Beaver pelts
How did the French colony of Acadia develop, and who was a key figure in its creation?
a) Jacques Cartier established Acadia as a fur trading post on the St. Lawrence River
b) Samuel de Champlain established a small settlement called Acadia on the Bay of Fundy
c) King Louis XIV personally founded Acadia as a royal colony
d) The Hudson’s Bay Company created Acadia as part of English trade expansion
b) Samuel de Champlain established a small settlement called Acadia on the Bay of Fundy
What role were women expected to fulfill in New France?
a) Fur traders
b) Raising children and managing households
c) Military leaders
d) Governors
b) Raising children and managing households
Which occupations were most important to New France’s economy?
a) Farmers, fishers, hunters, fur traders
b) Bankers and lawyers
c) Artists and musicians
d) Shipbuilders only
a) Farmers, fishers, hunters, fur traders
Who is at the bottom of the Government Structure Hierarchy in New France?
a) The Bishop
b) The Common People
c) The Clergy
d) The Seigneurs
b) The Common People
What was the main purpose of the Seigneurial system?
a) To enforce religious rules
b) To promote settlement
c) To organize military defense
d) To control fur trade
b) To promote settlement
What was the initial relationship between the First Nations and the early settlers of New France?
a) It was hostile from the beginning, with constant battles over land and resources
b) The settlers ignored the First Nations completely and relied only on supplies from France
c) The First Nations immediately became subjects of French rule and paid taxes to the colonial government
d) It was fairly positive, with First Nations acting as guides and assisting the French in exploration
d) It was fairly positive, with First Nations acting as guides and assisting the French in exploration
What was one responsibility of parish priests in New France?
a) Collect fur pelts
b) Keep records of births, marriages, and deaths
c) Organize military defense
d) Distribute land
b) Keep records of births, marriages, and deaths
How did the fur trade first get established in New France?
a) Jacques Cartier arrived in the New World and found an abundance of fish and fur
b) The Catholic Church organized fur trading posts to fund missionary work
c) Indigenous nations exported furs directly to Britain without French involvement
d) French settlers relied only on farming and ignored fur trading
a) Jacques Cartier arrived in the New World and found an abundance of fish and fur
What was one major difference between Acadia and New France?
a) Acadia isolated itself from France and the larger French colony
b) Acadia had a strong seigneurial system enforced by an Intendant
c) Acadia had no church presence at all
d) Acadia had constant hostile relations with the First Nations
a) Acadia isolated itself from France and the larger French colony
What types of clothing did the people of New France wear, and how did it change depending on gender and occupation?
a) Everyone wore identical uniforms provided by the French crown
b) Clothing varied by gender and occupation, with men’s work clothes and women’s domestic attire
c) Only fur traders wore clothing, while farmers relied on blankets
d) Clothing was imported exclusively from Britain and never adapted to local needs
b) Clothing varied by gender and occupation, with men’s work clothes and women’s domestic attire
Why were rivers and canoes important for transportation?
a) Roads were slow and difficult
b) Canoes were used only for recreation
c) Snowshoes were faster year-round
d) Roads were faster
a) Roads were slow and difficult
Who was the first Intendent of New France?
a) Louis XIV
b) Jean Talon
c) Samuel de Champlain
d) Jacques Cartier
b) Jean Talon
What was the responsibility of the habitant?
a) Collect taxes
b) Farm the land and pay rent
c) Operate the mill
d) Grant hunting licences
b) Farm the land and pay rent
Over time, the French attempted to:
a) Convert Indigenous peoples to Catholicism
b) Avoid contact with Indigenous peoples
c) Give land back to Indigenous peoples
a) Convert Indigenous peoples to Catholicism
How did the Church affect First Nations peoples?
a) Promoted Indigenous traditions
b) Tried to convert them to Catholicism
c) Avoided involvement
d) Focused only on settlers
b) Tried to convert them to Catholicism
What factor increased the need for fur trading in New France?
a) A shortage of farmland in France
b) An increase in demand for beaver pelts in Europe
c) The collapse of the fishing industry in the Atlantic
d) A royal decree banning trade with Britain
b) An increase in demand for beaver pelts in Europe
What role did the Catholic Church play in Acadia?
a) It served as judges to settle disputes and remained central to daily life
b) It focused only on trade and fur exports
c) It organized military defenses against the British
d) It distributed farmland through the seigneurial system
a) It served as judges to settle disputes and remained central to daily life
What challenge made early life in New France especially difficult?
a) Frequent attacks from pirates on the St. Lawrence River
b) Harsh winters, with many dying of scurvy and exposure to months of cold weather
c) Lack of fertile soil for farming
d) Constant flooding of settlements near the Bay of Fundy
b) Harsh winters, with many dying of scurvy and exposure to months of cold weather
What were the main focuses of the New France economy, and what role did the First Nations play?
a) New France gathered raw materials, focused on fish and fur, and First Nations assisted in the fur trade
b) The economy was based entirely on gold mining, with no Indigenous involvement
c) New France relied only on imported goods from Britain
d) The First Nations refused to participate in trade and isolated themselves from settlers
a) New France gathered raw materials, focused on fish and fur, and First Nations assisted in the fur trade
Who ran the day to day affairs of the colony?
a) The Bishop
b) The Governor
c) The Intendant
d) The Seigneurs
c) The Intendant
What was expected of habitants (farmers) under the Seigneurial system in New France?
a) They acted as priests and oversaw religious life in their communities
b) They were required to serve in the French military and defend the colony against British attacks
c) They managed fur trading posts and exported goods directly to Europe
d) They had to pay rent for using the land and practiced subsistence farming to meet basic needs
d) They had to pay rent for using the land and practiced subsistence farming to meet basic needs
How did the arrival of settlers in New France change the lifestyle of the First Nations?
a) They immediately became subjects of French rule and paid taxes to the colonial government
b) They became involved in the fur trade, which altered their economic activities
c) They were forced to join the French military and defend the colony
d) They abandoned farming and relied solely on supplies from France
b) They became involved in the fur trade, which altered their economic activities
How did Roman Catholic missionaries affect the First Nations in New France?
a) They came to convert Indigenous peoples, claiming they were “savages” in need of saving
b) They focused only on trade and fur exports with Indigenous nations
c) They provided military training to Indigenous warriors to fight the British
d) They established farming communities for Indigenous peoples to manage independently
a) They came to convert Indigenous peoples, claiming they were “savages” in need of saving
Who helped organize the fur trade by establishing a permanent trading post at Québec City?
a) Samuel de Champlain, through the Company of One Hundred Associates
b) Jacques Cartier, through the Catholic Church
c) King Louis XIV, through the Royal Navy
d) The Acadians, through farming cooperatives
a) Samuel de Champlain, through the Company of One Hundred Associates
How did the development of Acadia affect the First Nations peoples, especially the Mi’kmaq?
a) The Acadians were friendly, and the Mi’kmaq helped them settle into their new life
b) The Acadians ignored the First Nations completely and relied only on France for support
c) The Acadians forced the Mi’kmaq to abandon their traditions immediately
d) The Acadians gave the Mi’kmaq full political representation in colonial government
a) The Acadians were friendly, and the Mi’kmaq helped them settle into their new life
What influenced the popular foods eaten by the people of New France?
a) Farmers harvested wheat, peas, oats, rye, barley, and maize, and ate potatoes, corn, squash, birds, fish, and edible plants
b) All food was imported from France and no local crops were grown
c) The French settlers relied only on hunting large animals like moose and bears
d) Indigenous peoples refused to share any food sources with settlers
a) Farmers harvested wheat, peas, oats, rye, barley, and maize, and ate potatoes, corn, squash, birds, fish, and edible plants
What transportation methods were available to settlers, and why were certain methods popular?
a) Snowshoes, canoes, and horse-drawn carriages were used; rivers were faster than roads
b) Settlers relied only on trains and steamships for travel
c) Roads were the fastest option, taking only a few hours to cross the colony
d) Travel was banned by the French crown to keep settlers in one place
a) Snowshoes, canoes, and horse-drawn carriages were used; rivers were faster than roads
Who was directly responsible to the King of France?
a) The Bishop
b) The Governor
c) The Intendant
d) The Seigneurs
b) The Governor
What powers and responsibilities did a seigneur have under the Seigneurial system in New France?
a) He could establish local law, operate a mill, organize the community, collect rent/taxes, and grant licences for hunting, fishing, and woodcutting ✅
b) He served as a military commander responsible for defending the colony against British attacks
c) He acted as a representative of the Catholic Church, overseeing parish life and appointing priests
d) He managed trade agreements with Indigenous nations and controlled fur exports to Europe
a) He could establish local law, operate a mill, organize the community, collect rent/taxes, and grant licences for hunting, fishing, and woodcutting
What cultural changes did the First Nations experience after the arrival of settlers in New France?
a) They lost their traditional lands and cultural practices
b) They gained full political representation in the French colonial government
c) They established trade agreements directly with Britain instead of France
d) They converted the French settlers to Indigenous spiritual practices
a) They lost their traditional lands and cultural practices
What broader changes did the arrival of the Roman Catholic religion bring to First Nations culture?
a) The church wanted to impose its way of life, attacking Indigenous culture, language, and land
b) The church encouraged Indigenous peoples to maintain their traditions without interference
c) The church gave Indigenous peoples full political representation in colonial government
d) The church partnered with Indigenous nations to expand fur trade routes
a) The church wanted to impose its way of life, attacking Indigenous culture, language, and land
Which company ran the English fur trade?
a) The Hudson’s Bay Company
b) The Company of One Hundred Associates
c) The East India Company
d) The Royal French Trading Guild
a) The Hudson’s Bay Company
Question: How did the Acadians show disloyalty to their First Nations allies?
a) They abandoned farming and relied only on France for supplies
b) They sided with Europeans when it suited them, despite friendly relations with the Mi’kmaq
c) They forced the Mi’kmaq to convert to Catholicism immediately
d) They gave the Mi’kmaq full political representation in colonial government
b) They sided with Europeans when it suited them, despite friendly relations with the Mi’kmaq
What were the differences in roles and responsibilities for men and women in New France?
a) Women were expected to raise children, feed and clothe families, work on farms, and serve as nuns or nurses, while men farmed, traded furs, and provided for families
b) Men and women had identical roles, both serving as soldiers and priests
c) Women controlled the fur trade while men focused on cooking and childcare
d) Men were restricted to farming only, while women ran the colony’s government
a) Women were expected to raise children, feed and clothe families, work on farms, and serve as nuns or nurses, while men farmed, traded furs, and provided for families
Question: How were occupations, the economy, and transportation connected in New France?
a) Farmers, fishers, and fur traders relied on rivers and canoes to move goods, supporting the fish and fur economy
b) Women controlled the fur trade while men focused on cooking and childcare, using roads for transport
c) The economy was based entirely on gold mining, with travel restricted by the French crown
d) Occupations were limited to military service, and transport was only by horse-drawn carriages
a) Farmers, fishers, and fur traders relied on rivers and canoes to move goods, supporting the fish and fur economy