Navigation & Sailing Tech
This Portuguese ship with triangular sails allowed better maneuvering into the wind and was widely used by Mediterranean and Atlantic sailors.
This group of Spanish explorers led military expeditions in the Americas during the 16th century.
What are conquistadors?
This economic policy encouraged exports, accumulation of gold & silver, and state regulation of trade
What is Mercantilism?
This disease, often carried inadvertently by Europeans, devastated indigenous American populations beginning in the 15th–16th centuries.
What is Smallpox?
These communities of escaped enslaved people established independent settlements in remote areas like mountains and swamps, often maintaining cultural traditions and launching raids against enslavers.
What are maroons?
Name the Spanish armed merchant vessel that carried treasure from the Americas and served as a powerful naval and trade ship in the 16th–17th centuries.
What is the (Spanish) Galleon?
A European Empire that established vast colonial holdings in the Americas after they funded Columbus's voyage.
What is the Spanish Empire?
The three‑legged pattern of exchange linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas — including manufactured goods, enslaved people, and plantation crops.
What is the Triangular Trade?
Incan labor system that would rotationally enslave citizens for public works projects such as road building. Would be later taken over by the Spanish Empire.
What is the Mit'a system?
A mixed-race category used in colonial Latin America for people of African and European descent.
What is mulatto?
A sail type originating in the Indian Ocean region that improved upwind performance and influenced European sailing technology.
What is Lateen Sails?
This European kingdom built a maritime empire with forts and trading posts along the coasts of Africa, India, and Brazil and initiated early Atlantic sugar colonies.
What is the Portuguese Empire?
Type of plantation that was established by Europeans on the Canary Islands and Madeira. (Name the crop)
What are Sugar Plantations?
Common type of forced labor in the Atlantic World in which someone voluntarily submits themselves into the service of another, often for passage to the New World.
What is Indentured Servitude?
This 1760 rebellion in Jamaica was one of the largest slave revolts in British colonial history and resulted in significant changes to colonial slave codes.
What was Tacky's Rebellion?
This simple ship favored by the Dutch allowed inexpensive, efficient cargo transport and helped Dutch merchants dominate trade.
What is the (Dutch) Fluyt?
This empire would later challenge the growing power of the Spanish and Portuguese during the Age of Exploration and eventually become the largest Empire in the history of the world?
What was the British Empire?
This plant staple from the Americas became central to many African and Afro‑Caribbean diets and was widely planted on colonial plantations.
What is Cassava OR Maize?
This forced sea voyage transported millions of enslaved Africans to the Americas as part of the Atlantic slave trade.
What is the Middle Passage?
A racial/cultural category for a person of mixed European and Indigenous American descent created in colonial societies.
What is Mestizo?
Innovation that built upon the calculation principles of the astrolabe and applied them to a tool that was more suitable for ocean navigation.
What is the Quadrant?
The agreement, mediated by the pope in 1494, divided newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal.
A joint-stock company that became a major driver of Dutch trade and colonial expansion in Asia
The West African state that expanded in the 17th–18th centuries using cavalry and trade; built power & influence through the conquest, capture, and trade of its neighboring rivals.
What is Oyo?
Korean dynasty that allied itself with Ming nobles to resist the threatening Manchu forces. They would continue to fight against the Qing dynasty even after the fall of the Ming.
Who were the Joseon?