Supreme court case
Mulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Necessary and proper clause implied power to implement enumerated powers (Bank of USA was allowed in maryland)
Freedom of the press 1st amendment. Government cannot prevent papers from publishing information they do not like
New York Times Co. V. United States (1971)
Right to attorney. States must provide an attorney if defendant cannot afford one.
Gideon V. Wainwright (1963)
Women can vote
19th
24th
No poll tax
Wisconsin V. Yoder (1972)
Free exercise clause of 1st amendment. Amish students did not have to go to school after first grade.
Baker V. Carr
One person, one vote. Forces states to redistrict every 10 years to ensure each district has the same amount of people.
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)
Campaign Finance. Corporations can spend money on political speech by first amendment.
22nd
Two terms for president
Direct vote for senators
17th
Establishment clause of 1st amendment. School sponsored prayer was unconstitutional (aka teachers cannot lead prayer)
Engel V. Vitale (1962)
Mcdonald V. Chicago (2010)
2nd Amendment. States must follow bill of rights and cannot ban guns. Established constitutional right to own a gun
Can't discriminate based on race for voting
15th
14th
States must follow due process and citizenship for former slaves
18 years old to vote
26
Tinker V. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)
Symbolic speech of first amendment. As long as students are not interrupting it is okay to protest (aka armbands) and have freedom of speech.
No segregated school. Schools must not discriminate on the account of race. Equal Protection Clause
Brown V. Board of education (1954)
Schenck V. United States (1919)
Clear and present danger. During time of war us govt powers expand for more order and security. Cannot hand out leaflets saying don't join the military.
13th Amendment
Outlawed slavery
16th
Income tax
Limit to commerce clause. Everything can be linked to commerce so there needs to be a limit. Gun free school zones cannot be established by federal govt due to commerce clause.
United States V. Lopez (1995)
Shaw V. Reno (1993)
No racial gerrymandering. Strict Majority-minority districts ruled unconstitutional. You can consider race but can't be only variable
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Judicial Review. Judicial branch has the power to determine constitutionality of laws by issuing rulings from the bench.
Amendments 1, 2, 4, 5
1. Freedom of speech, press, religion, protest, petition
2. Keep and bear arms
4. Illegal search and seizure. Need warrant. Exclusionary rule
5. Right to remain silent. No double Jeopardy, due process
Amendments 6, 8, 9, 10
6. fair jury trial of peers, attorney, provide evidence & witnesses
8. No cruel and Unusual punishments
9. These are not the only rights people have more
10. Powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states