Random I
Most easily accessible yet crucial step to breaking the chain of infection
handwashing
male-to-male sexual contact
classification of furosemide (Lasix)
loop diuretic
Common bacteria present within the human gut microflora; highest risk towards a urinary tract infection
Escherichia coli
must be acquired in pre-operative nursing phase where patient is given the procedure details, risks, alternatives, benefits; nurse witnesses this
informed consent
Medication commonly prescribed to diabetics; contraindicated for 48 hours before and after IV contrast procedure
metformin (Glucophage)
Examples include Normal Saline (NaCl 0.9%) and Lactated Ringer's solution; the standard type of solution for fluid replacement
Isotonic
hyperglycemia commonly manifests as the three P's
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance characterized by a twitch of the facial muscles that occurs when gently tapping an individual's cheek
hypocalcemia
Explain the process of managing an eviscerated wound
Soak sterile gauze in sterile water to cover organs, and do not push them back in
ABGs: pH: 7.47, paCO2: 30 mmHg, HCO3: 25 mEq/L
Respiratory alkalosis
chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries in which the inner lining of the vessel becomes damaged, allowing fats, immune cells, and fibrous tissue to build up inside the arterial wall
atherosclerosis
tamsulosin (Flomax)
ABGs: pH: 7.29, paCO2: 38 mmHg, HCO3: 18 mEq/L
Metabolic acidosis
Key clinical threshold for an HIV/AIDS diagnosis; receptors on helper T-cells, monocytes and macrophages
CD4 count below 200 cells/mm3
List of precautions/interventions related to a patient diagnosed with tuberculosis (give 3)
Have door completely closed
Assign a negative pressure room
Entering staff to wear an N95 mask and proper PPE
digoxin (Lanoxin)
pain, cramping, or weakness in the calf muscle that happens during walking and goes away with rest secondary to arterial insufficiency
claudication
gold standard diagnostic test for heart failure to measure ejection fraction
echocardiogram
requires life-long levothyroxine (Synthroid) therapy; characterized by slow metabolism, weight gain, excess fatigue, constipation
largely associated with an H. pylori infection; treatment involves dual therapy of both omeprazole and antibiotics
peptic ulcer disease
genetic condition where a liver insufficiency of a certain protein leads to vulnerable alveoli to the works of elastase; precursor to emphysema secondary to non-irritant factors
lowers serum calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity; hormone
calcitonin
main process related to reabsorption; albumin pulls fluids from tissues back into intravascular system
oncotic pressure/colloid osmotic pressure
Releases renin upon the detection of low renal perfusion pressure due to low blood volume (not just 'kidneys')
juxtaglomerular (JG) cells