Biochemistry
A molecule that has both polar and nonpolar region is called ____.
amphipathic/amphiphilic
What does the nucleolus synthesize?
rRNA
What property of water allows it to resist temperature change?
High specific heat
How much ATP is produced in glycolysis in total?
4
What specific checkpoint ensures DNA is fully replicated before mitosis begins?
G2 checkpoint
Cholesterol has what effect on membrane fluidity at low temperatures?
Increases membrane fluidity
Cristae in mitochondria serves as sites for _____ ________.
Oxidative phosphorylation
If a red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the blood cell will ____.
Shrink
What molecule donates electrons to cellular respiration?
NADH (and FADH₂)
What is the form of the genetic material in a non-dividing cell?
Chromatin
What does DNA wrap around to form nucleosomes?
Histone proteins
The detoxification of drugs takes place in the ______ __.
Smooth ER
Where does the electron transport chain in photosynthesis occur? (Be specific!)
Thylakoid membranes
The buildup of what causes muscle fatigue in anaerobic respiration?
Lactic acid
Microtubules form _________ that assist in the movement of chromosomes during cell division.
Spindle fibers
In what form is excess glucose stored in plants?
Starch
Identify the component of the plasma membrane that marks cells as belonging to a particular individual.
Glycoproteins
What theory states that mitochondria/chloroplasts were once separate prokaryotic microbes?
The Endosymbiotic Theory
What mechanism powers ATP synthesis in the electron transport chain?
Place the stages of mitosis in chronological order. (5)
Prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
A structure that has hydrogen bonds between polypeptide chains arranged side by side is
β-pleated sheets
A sequence of three bases on DNA is called a ______, while the complementary three bases on mRNA is called a _____.
Triplet; codon.
How many carbons do sugars found in nucleic acids have?
5
Which part of the light-independent reactions would be affected if a cell could not produce the enzyme RuBisCO?
Carbon fixation
What structure allows small signaling molecules to pass directly between neighboring cells in animals?
Gap junctions