Biomolecules & Cells
This biomolecule is the main source of quick energy for cells.
What are carbohydrates?
These cells have no nucleus: prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
What are prokaryotic?
This phase is where a cell grows, performs functions, and replicates DNA.
What is interphase?
Cells become specialized by turning these on or off.
What are genes?
This organelle is the site of cellular respiration.
What is the mitochondrion?
These biomolecules make up cell membranes and store long-term energy.
What are lipids?
These cells contain membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria.
What are eukaryotic cells?
DNA replication ensures each new cell receives what?
A full set of identical DNA.
This process turns stem cells into specialized cells like nerve or muscle.
What is cell differentiation?
This organelle is where photosynthesis occurs.
What is the chloroplast?
These biomolecules build structures like enzymes, pumps, and channels in the cell.
What are proteins?
Viruses cannot reproduce on their own. What must they infect?
A host cell.
What are the THREE phases of interphase?
Environmental factors such as temperature or chemicals can affect this process.During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replicate?
Gene expression.
What is the reactant of photosynthesis that plants take in from the air?
Carbon dioxide (CO₂).
This biomolecule stores and transmits genetic information.
What is nucleic acid (DNA/RNA)?
Compare the DNA form in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes = circular DNA, Eukaryotes = linear chromosomes.
What model describes DNA replication as one old strand paired with one new?
The semi-conservative model.
All cells in an organism contain identical DNA. What makes them different?
Different genes are expressed in each cell type.
Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering this.
Activation energy.
This term describes how the shape of a biomolecule determines its job in a cell.
What is structure determines function?
Explain one key difference between cell structure and virus structure.
Cells have organelles, cytoplasm, and membranes; viruses only have genetic material + protein coat.
Organisms start as a single fertilized egg. What is the name of that cell?
What is a zygote?
What happens during mitosis?
The nucleus divides, creating two identical nuclei
Write the chemical equation for cellular respiration.
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP