Anticoagulants
Medication you can give to a patient with an increased INR >3.0
Vitamin K
Effects of giving metoprolol - a cardiac selective beta blocker
Decreases heart rate, decreases B/P, decreases contractility and helps control heart rhythm such as in atrial fibrillation
Key teaching instructions for patient taking a beta blocker such as metoprolol for hypertension
Must not just stop taking medication even if B/P within normal limits - just stopping med can cause rebound hypertension and tachycardia
Classification of atropine
PSNS Blocker so will increase HR and B/P and given if patient has low HR and B/P and is symptomatic such as dizziness and decrease LOC
Digoxin is known as a positive...
Inotrope meaning it increases contractility
Antidote for patient who is on heparin and actively bleeding
Protamine Sulfate
Used for treatment of MI when cardiac catherization not available
Thrombolytic such as Alteplase
What you need to check before you give most diuretics such as furosemide
B/P and K= level
Adenosine is used to treat SVT and expect to see what briefly after administering
Asystole
What abnormal lab potentiates the effects of digoxin
Low potassium or hypokalemia potentiates the effects of digoxin and may lead to Dig toxicity
Antidote for thrombolytic such as TPA or Alteplase
Aminocaproic Acid
Adverse effects of statin medications such as atorvastatin - used to decrease cholesterol medications
Elevated LFTs and muscle aches and pains
Adverse effects of ACE Inhibitors such as Lisinopril
Hypotension, Hyperkalemia, dry cough and angioedema
Adverse effects of sodium channel blockers such as Lidocaine and procainamide
Widen QRS interval as well as widen/prolong QT interval
Signs of Digoxin Toxicity
Halo's around objects, heart block, bradycardia and blurred vision so need to check K= and and dig levels
Laboratory value that needs to be monitor when patient is receiving warfarin
PT/INR - If patient on warfarin - want INR between 2-3
What is the classification of the diuretic spironolactone
It is known as an aldosterone inhibitor as well as potassium sparing diuretic and therefore need to avoid foods high in potassium such as green leafy vegetables and bananas
If a patient just stops taking clonidine - which typically comes in patch and used for hypertension
Abruptly stopping clonidine will lead to rebound hypertension
Adverse effects of calcium channel blockers which can be used for HTN, CAD and atrial fibrillation
Bradycardia, hypotension and peripheral edema
Major side effect of Milrinone - positive inotrope and vasodilator used in HF
Hypotension
When would you hold a medication such as carvedilol
Carvedilol is an alpha and beta blocker so you would hold it when the SBP is less than 90mmHg and when the heart rate is less than 60
Diuretic that decreases intraocular pressure in glaucoma
Acetazolamide
A patient taking captopril can develop what life-threatening emergency
Angioedema which may lead to lips, tongue, facial and laryngeal swelling which can impair airway and breathing
A serious adverse effect of amiodarone especially if on it long-term
Pulmonary fibrosis
An example of an angiotensin II receptor blocker
Losartan