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3. Why did river valleys become centers of early civilization? List 3 characteristics of early river valley civilizations.
provided transportation, provided water for farming, provided a means to travel and trade, improved sanitation
4. Define monotheism.
belief in one God
13. What technological innovations unified the Roman Empire? List at least 3 examples. Explain.
Aqueducts- brought water from Mts to cities
Legal system - 12 tables
Roman Roads- transported goods and army efficiently
Architecture- built large public works that conveyed their power
6. Define globalization.
the interdependence of countries
17.What did the Code of Hammurabi + Twelve Tables have in common? Why were they both considered historically significant innovations?
Definition of historically significant = important in history
1. They are both a system of laws
2. Written laws
3. Recorded in public for everyone to see
5. Define polytheism.
a belief in multiple Gods
16.List 3 methods that Rome used to consolidate or maintain power.
Definition of consolidation= unifying something, bringing something together
1. Conquer new territory through war
2. Control trade networks
3. Built roads to bring together different parts of the empire
7. List 3 characteristics of globalization.
increased communication across longer distances, increased access to information, increased cultural diffusion, innovation
1. List 3 characteristics of the Neolithic Revolution.
urbanization, increased job specialization
10.Define republic. Define republican government.
a form of government wherein the citizens elect representatives by voting
15. How did the geography of the Italian Peninsula influence the development of the Roman Empire?
Peninsula = surrounded by water on 3 sides
Rome is located in the middle of the peninsula, which helped them gain control over territory in the north and south
9. List 3 consequences of globalization.
widens the gap between the rich and poor, creates a global market for employment, reduces wages for those employed, increased competition between countries and businesses
2. List 3 effects of the Neolithic Revolution.
urbanization (growth of cities), creation of agriculture, domestication of animals
12. What was the Pax Romana? Why did it occur when it did? Why?
Time of Roman peace, after Rome defeated Carthage in the Punic Wars, no longer had enemies so they established control of Mediterranean sea; occurred from 27 BCE - 180CE
18. What caused the decline of the Roman Empire? List 3 problems Rome experienced.
1. Nomadic invasions
2. Trade declined
3. The empire was too large to govern
8. List 3 benefits of globalization.
encourages communication and alliances between countries, encourages diplomacy, share information quickly to remote parts of the world, innovation
11. Provide 3 characteristics of a republican government.
1.Citizens vote for their representatives
2. Separation of power into 3 branches: consuls, senate, assemblies
3. Defined legal code that protects certain rights under written law
14.List 3 characteristics of empires.
1. Wealthy, stable government
2. Strong military, wages war to conquer new land + expand size of empire
3. Urbanization = cities grow
4. Job Specialization = people take on new jobs
19. What were 3 effects of the decline of the Roman Empire? List 3 effects. Identify if they were social, economic or political effects
1. Trade declined
2. Europe was divided into local, feudal, kingdoms
3. The Byzantine Empire continued the cultural legacy of ancient Rome
20.What empire replaced the eastern portion of the Roman Empire? When did this empire fall? Due to what historical event?
The Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire fell after being invaded by Ottoman Turks in 1453