Anatomy
L1-L2
What is the most common spinal cord injury?
Incomplete tetraplegia
Most common location of heterotopic ossification (HO) in SCI?
Hip
What type of heat transfer is a hot pack?
Conduction
What type of strengthening exercise is a bicep curl?
Concentric
Which spinal cord tract controls the function of pain and temperature?
Lateral spinothalamic tract
At what spinal cord level can you achieve independence?
C7 (or C6 if highly motivated)
What is the most common acute and chronic complication in SCI?
Acute - PE
Chronic - pneumonia
What are three contraindications to heat therapy?
Arterial insufficiency, bleeding disorder, impaired sensation, aphasia, malignancy, acute trauma, scar tissue, edema
What classic therapeutic massage technique involves kneading muscle tissue like a cat?
Petrissage
At what level do you become concerned about Autonomic Dysreflexia?
T6
List these cervical orthoses from least restrictive to most restrictive: SOMI, HALO, SOFT COLLAR, MINERVA
SOFT COLLAR
SOMI
MINERVA
HALO
What level is diaphragmatic pacing indicated?
C2
What is the frequency of therapeutic ultrasound?
.8 to 1.1 Hz
Describe the muscle fiber that helps you stand in place
slow twitch, oxidative, red
type 1 fiber
Which blood vessel provides the major blood supply to the lumbar and sacral cord?
The artery of Adamkiewicz
What kind of fracture includes the spinous process, the pedicles, and the vertebral body?
Chance fracture
Describe the 3,2,1 bowel program and what type of neurogenic bowel it is indicated for. Include medication type and example.
1. Stool softener 3x daily - docusate
2. Stimulant 2 tablets daily - senna
3. Suppository 1x daily - enemeez
List the three diathermies from deep to most superficial?
Ultrasound, short wave, microwave
Strength - loss of 1 to 1.5% per day
Muscle mass - loss of 5 to 10% per day
What is the most common spinal cord tumor overall?
Extradural - mets
What neuroanatomic structures are responsible for bladder storage and bladder emptying?
storage - frontal lobe
emptying - pons
Describe SMA syndrome
Third part of duodenum is compressed between the SMA and the aorta —> GI obstruction
Describe the mechanism by which TENS effects pain
Gait control theory - stimulating large myelinated type A nerve fibers
Define these terms below:
disease, impairment, disability, handicap
Disease - sickness/condition itself (example: radial nerve palsy)
Impairment - physical, anatomic, of psychological abnormality (example: wrist drop)
Disability - loss of function (example: inability to write)
Handicap - loss of role in society (example: loss of job as an artist)