Bill of Rights Math
Add:
The right to free speech, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, freedom of the press, and freedom to petition
➕
The right to bear arms
3 (1st + 2nd)
outlawed slavery, freed hundreds of thousands of enslaved African Americans, and made forced labor against the law.
13th amendment
The first step to amending the Constitution is that an amendment must be ______________ in Congress.
proposed
In this case, the Supreme Court declared that segregation was legal if the facilities and services given each group were “separate, but equal.”
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
This is unfair treatment based on prejudice against a certain group.
What is discrimination?
Add:
No unreasonable searches and seizures (must have probable cause and/or a search warrant)
➕
Right to a fair and speedy trial. Right to a trial by jury.
10 (4th + 6th)
States could no longer deny women the right to vote in all national and state elections.
19th amendment
An amendment may be proposed, or suggested, in either of two ways. The only one that has been used so far is by a _____________ vote of both houses of Congress.
two-thirds
These laws were passed in the South, and aimed at segregating the races in public spaces.
What are Jim Crow laws?
This is a violent act against a person because of a group they belong to
What is a hate crime?
Subtract:
No excessive bail. No cruel or unusual punishment.
➖
"No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law".
5 (8th - 3rd)
a promise of suffrage—the right to vote—to African Americans, saying that no state may deny a person the right to vote because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”
15th amendment
The second way to propose an amendment, which has never been used, is through a national convention called by __________ of all state legislatures.
two-thirds
This case was a major victory over segregation, with the Supreme Court deciding that separating children in school by race violated the Fourteenth Amendment and broke the promise of equal protection of the laws.
What is Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas?
This word means the right to vote.
What is suffrage?
Multiply:
protection against double jeopardy (being tried twice for the same offense), freedom from self-incrimination (the right to remain silent), guarantees of due process of law (fair legal procedures)
✖️
all rights not spelled out in the Constitution are retained (kept) by the people
45 (5th x 9th)
passed to protect African Americans from the black codes, stating that an American citizen is anyone “born or naturalized in the United States,” and that every state must give all citizens “equal protection of the laws.”
14th amendment
The second step to amending the Constitution is that an amendment must be ______________ by Congress.
ratified
This policy aimed to increase the number of women and other underrepresented groups at work and in colleges to make up for past actions that harmed people in these groups.
What is Affirmative Action?
This is unfair treatment that occurs when police single out certain people as suspects because of their racial appearance
What is racial profiling?
Multiply:
the right to a jury trial in most civil disputes
✖️
limits the federal government by saying that it only has the powers given in the Constitution -- that all other powers belong to the states or people.
70 (7th x 10th)
the right to vote cannot be denied because of age to anyone 18 years of age or older.
26th amendment
Once an amendment has made it through the first step, the states must vote, either within each state legislature or by holding special state conventions. Either way, ratification requires a vote of _____________ of all states.
three-fourths
This event encouraged LGBTQ activists to be more public with their demands for equal rights and helped bring the issue of LGBTQ equality to the public.
What is the Stonewall riots?
This is a sum of money required of voters before they are permitted cast a ballot.
What is a poll tax?