Advertising
What persuasive appeal uses credibility or the character of the speaker to convince an audience?
Ethos.
What is the term for the space in the center of a two-page spread where pages meet?
Gutter.
What writing style focuses on telling interesting human stories and often includes descriptive detail?
What writing style focuses on telling interesting human stories and often includes descriptive detail?
In broadcast, what is "B-roll"?
B-roll is supplemental footage used to illustrate or cut away from the primary interview footage.
What is the rule of thirds?
Rule of thirds divides an image into a 3x3 grid; key subjects placed on the intersections make images more balanced.
Name two primary purposes of advertising from the study guide.
To increase sales; to create awareness (other acceptable answers: to promote ideas about products & services; to create interest).
What is a caption?
A short line or block of text that explains a photo or gives context to an image.
What does AP Style refer to?
AP Style is the Associated Press style guide for grammar, punctuation, and usage in news writing.
What is a "lower third" used for in video news?
Lower third is the on-screen graphic at the bottom that shows a person's name and title or location.
Name two camera settings or terms you should know from the guide (choose from aperture, f-stop, ISO, shutter).
Examples: aperture, f-stop, ISO, shutter.
Identify the persuasive appeal that targets emotions.
Pathos.
Define "folio" in yearbook terms.
Folio — page number and/or small identifying text on a page (e.g., section or page number).
Describe one basic reason why a journalism action could be considered unethical (use FOIA or ethics context).
Example — Publishing private information learned in confidence without consent is unethical; or failing to check facts before publishing can be unethical. (Accept reasoned answers.)
Name one of the two historic publishers associated with Yellow Journalism listed in the guide.
William Randolph Hearst or Joseph Pulitzer.
What is depth of field? Give a one-sentence student-level definition.
Depth of field is how much of the image (from front to back) appears acceptably sharp — shallow DOF = subject sharp, background blurred; deep DOF = more of scene in focus.
Explain how an advertisement might increase sales while also creating awareness (short answer).
Sample explanation — By creating interest and awareness through persuasive messaging and calls to action, consumers learn about the product and are encouraged to buy, which can increase sales.
What is an eyeline and why is it important in yearbook layout?
Eyeline — an invisible horizontal line across spreads used to align photos and text so layouts feel cohesive.
Give the three-part basic structure mentioned for straight news writing.
Lead, quote, transition.
Who was Edward R. Murrow and why is he significant in broadcast history (one sentence)?
Edward R. Murrow was a pioneering broadcast journalist known for his war reporting and integrity in journalism.
List three elements of photo composition mentioned in the guide.
Golden rule (likely Golden Ratio), pathway, rule of thirds, balance, framing, pattern/repetition, lighting, FACE.
Given an ad that uses statistics, expert testimony, and logical facts, which appeal is primarily being used? Provide the appeal name and one sentence explaining why.
Logos — uses logical evidence and facts (statistics, expert testimony) to appeal to reason.
List and briefly define three of these: signature, ladder, bleed, dominant photo.
List and briefly define three of these: signature, ladder, bleed, dominant photo.
Explain what FOIA is, and name one type of record commonly excluded from public release (short answer).
FOIA is the Freedom of Information Act (or state open-records laws) allowing public access to government records; exclusions often include personnel files, juvenile records, or certain law enforcement investigative records (varies by jurisdiction).
Define "A-roll" and explain how it differs from B-roll in a broadcast story.
A-roll is the primary footage (often interviews or anchor pieces) that contains essential audio; differs from B-roll which is supporting visuals.
Explain how aperture and shutter speed can affect a sports/action photo (short answer).
Sample — Use a wider aperture (lower f-stop) to freeze the subject with a blurred background if you want subject separation; use a faster shutter speed to freeze motion for sports/action. Higher ISO may be needed in low light but can add noise.