chapter 4
living organisms _______ to make more of the same kind of organisms.
reproduce
what is the litmus colour of water and calcium hydroxide
water-purple
calcium hydroxide-blue
what are the three types of volcanoes? name and define them.
active volcanoes-These are currently erupting or show signs of activity.
dormant volcanoes-These have not erupted in a long time but could erupt again.
extinct volcanoes-These are not expected to erupt again because they have not shown activity for thousands of years.
what is Earths strength of gravity?
9.8N/Kg
what is a identification key and dichotomous key?
[give example]
Identification keys are tools used to help identify and classify organisms or objects.
➢ A dichotomous key is a specific type of identification key that offers two choices at each step.
Name 4 hazard warning labels.
explosive, flammable, oxidising, corrosive, toxic, hazardous to the environment, health hazard, and serious health hazard.
how many types of solar and lunar eclipses? (name them).
types of solar eclipses-
1.total solar eclipse.
2.partial solar eclipse.
3.annular solar eclipse.
types of lunar eclipse-
1.total lunar eclipse.
2.partial lunar eclipse.
a. Penumbral lunar eclipse.
how many elements are in the periodic table? how many are natural? how many are man made?
total elements-118
natural-94
man made-24
how do viruses replicate and define them?
➢ Attachment: The virus uses its spikes to latch onto a host cell membrane.
➢ Entry: The virus then enters the host cell. It might inject its genetic material or be taken in whole.
➢ Uncoating: Once inside, the virus sheds its protein coat, releasing its genetic material into the host cell.
➢ Replication: The host cell reads the virus’s genetic instructions and starts making copies of the virus's parts.
➢ Assembly: New virus particles are assembled from the copied parts inside the host cell.
➢ Release: Finally, the newly formed viruses burst out of the host cell known as lysis, often killing it in the process. They then go on to infect.
what is the melting point of zinc?
419.5 °C
what is a earthquake? what is a shadow?
An earthquake is the shaking of the Earth caused by the movement of tectonic plates.
A shadow is created when an object blocks light. When light hits an object, it cannot pass through it, resulting in a dark area behind the object.
what is the 16th element of the periodic table?
sulfur (S)
name and define all characteristics of living organism?
nutrition- Living things need food to grow and gain energy. They consume nutrients from their environment. For example, plants use sunlight, water, and soil to make food through photosynthesis.
Growth- Living things grow and develop over time. This growth can be seen in plants as they sprout, and in animals as they get bigger from infancy to
adulthood.
Movement- Living things can move on their own or respond to their environment. Animals walk, swim, and fly, while plants can move their leaves toward
sunlight.
Sensitivity- Living things can sense changes in their environment. For example, animals respond to sounds and smells, and plants may bend towards light.
Excretion- Living things produce waste and have methods for getting rid of it. Animals excrete waste through urine or feces, while plants release oxygen and other substances.
Reproduction- Living things can reproduce, creating new organisms. This can happen through various methods, such as plant seeds or animal birth
Respiration- Living things breathe or exchange gases. Animals take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide, while plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen during photosynthesis.
what is the melting point of tin?
232°C
what are plate boundaries? what is a volcano?
Plate boundaries are the edges where two tectonic plates meet. These plates are large sections of the Earth's crust that move and shift over time.
A volcano is an opening in the Earth's crust where molten rock, ash, and gases can escape. Volcanoes form when magma from the Earth's interior pushes through the surface. They can erupt explosively or flow gently.
what is the strength of gravity of Uranus and Neptune?
Uranus-8.7N/Kg
Neptune-11N/Kg
polar Bears can sense thing in their environment. For example, with their nose they can sense the ________ of meat.
smell
name and define 8 properties of metal and non metal.
Properties of Metals-
1. Luster: Metals have a shiny surface. For example, gold and silver.
2. Malleability: Metals can be hammered or pressed into shapes without breaking.
3. Ductility: Metals can be stretched into wires.
4. Conductivity: Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat.
5. Density: Metals are usually dense and heavy for their size.
6. Melting Point: Metals generally have high melting points.
7. Hardness: Metals are often hard and strong.
8. Sonority: Metals produce a ringing sound when struck.
Properties of Non-Metals-
1. Lack of Luster: Non-metals usually do not have a shiny appearance.
2. Brittleness: Non-metals are often brittle and break easily.
3. Insulators: Non-metals are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity.
4. Low Density: Non-metals are usually less dense than metals.
5. Low Melting Point: Many non-metals have low melting points.
6. Gaseous State: Many non-metals are gases at room temperature, like oxygen and nitrogen.
7. Variety of Colours: Non-metals can come in different colours.
8. Non-sonorous: Non-metals do not make a ringing sound when struck.
how deep is mantle, and what is the temperature in mantle? how thick is the core, and what is the temperature in core?
mantle is about 3,000 Kilometres deep, and the temperature reaches up to 4,000 degrees Celsius.
core is about 3,400 kilometres thick, and the temperature is around 5,700 degrees Celsius.
what is the melting point of magnesium and magnesium oxide?
magnesium-651°C
magnesium oxide-2800°C