Vocabulary Definitions
What does metamorphic mean?
Transformed, or changed, by heat and the weight, or pressure, of the rocks above it.
What are two ways that tectonic plates move, changing Earth’s surface and causing earthquakes and tsunamis?
Some plates slide past each other
Some plates pull apart at their boundaries
What is the crust?
thin, rocky layer that is covered by land or water and moves due to plate tectonics.
What does aftershock mean?
An earthquake that follows a larger, preceding earthquake, which is known as the main shock.
What does firsthand mean?
Something you saw, did or heard yourself.
What means:
formed by the cooling and hardening of hot, molten rock that rises to Earth’s surface during a volcanic eruption
igneous
How does an oceanic trench form?
When one tectonic plate slides under another.
What is the mantle?
hot, dense rock layer with a moving middle section that is neither liquid nor solid.
What is an active volcano?
A volcano that has not erupted in a long time but may erupt again.
What does deposit mean?
Leave behind in a particular spot.
What means:
formed from bits of material that have been deposited and stick together over time
sedimentary
What sentence is punctuated correctly?
1) Mrs.Yagi was, cold, freezing, and numb while in Leavenworth, Washington.
2) Mrs.Yagi was cold, freezing, and numb while in Leavenworth, Washington.
3) Mrs.Yagi was cold, freezing, and numb while in Leavenworth Washington.
What is the outer core?
hot metal layer that is liquid and not solid.
What is a dormant volcano?
A volcano that has erupted in the past 10,000 year and is likely to erupt again.
What does exert mean?
Describes the internal force of the magma system pushing against the surrounding rock.
What is caldera?
A massive, cauldron-like depression formed at the summit of a volcano.
What happens under Earth’s surface that causes volcanoes, geysers, and hot springs to form at plate boundaries or above hotspots?
Pressure and heat force magma to move upward through a crack in earth’s surface.
What is the inner core?
metal layer that is solid and may be as hot as the sun’s surface.
What is lava?
The term for molten rock that has erupted and flowed onto the Earth's surface.
What is subduction zone?
The region of the Earth's crust where two tectonic plates meet in a convergent boundary, and one plate is forced or slides beneath the other and sinks into the mantle.
Where is the epicenter located?
The point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the focus (or hypocenter) of an earthquake.
What is one way that the rock cycle causes changes in rock over time?
Erosion breaks igneous rocks into smaller pieces that become sedimentary rocks due to pressure and time.
What are the layers of the earth starting from the outside going in?
1. crust
2. mantle
3. outer core
4. inner core
What does lava flow mean?
A fundamental term in volcanology that refers to the stream of molten rock that erupts from a volcanic vent and pours or oozes across the Earth's surface.
What is continental drift?
A foundational scientific theory that explains how the Earth's continents have moved.