Relevant actors and audiences
JP 3-04 distinguishes between these three categories when considering information effects.
Targets, audiences, and target audiences
Misalignment between words and ____ are why most narratives fail.
Actions and inactions
The ability to collect, process, and act on information more effectively than an adversary is called what?
Information advantage.
Coordination across all services helps prevent this, a key integration goal.
Conflicting messaging?
These measure activity, not impact.
Measures of performance?
Name two factors which might complicate predicting information effects across audiences.
Culture, emotion, prior experience, narratives, personal biases.
What are emergent narratives?
Narratives that exist whether or not they are deliberately crafted.
What are the six information forces?
Psychological operations forces (MISO), civil affairs, public affairs, electromagnetic spectrum operations elements, cyberspace, space operations.
These are the seven steps of the Joint Planning Process.
Initiation, mission analysis, COA development, COA analysis, COA comparison, COA approval, and plan or order development?
Counting likes, posts, or broadcasts alone fails to capture this.
Actual audience perception or behavior change?
What do you call someone whose behavior unintentionally generates information effects that influence adversaries and audiences alike?
Inadvertent or unintentional actors.
What is narrative inertia?
The resistance of an established narrative to change, even when facts evolve.
What are five key components of the informational staff estimate
Purpose / context, relevant actors, audiences and target audiences, information environment assessment, narrative analysis, capabilities and forces, assessment of effects, risks and constraints, recommended courses of action / mitigation, decision points / key considerations for the commander, update / feedback mechanisms.
This is the real purpose of a COMMSTRAT staff estimate, beyond producing a document.
Shaping decisions by identifying information risks and opportunities?
What are the three potential approaches for organizing for assessment?
Special staff section, separate staff section, integrated in another staff section.
This audience often determines whether legitimacy is sustained or eroded, even if not directly targeted.
Neutral audiences
What are the three types of narratives
National, strategic mission, operational and tactical mission narratives
What does the phrase "inherent informational aspects" refer to?
The features and details of a situation or an activity that can be observed.
Information considerations should be applied at every stage of planning according to this principle.
Full-spectrum integration?
What is adaptive management?
Adjusting narratives or messages based on assessment findings demonstrates this operational principle.