Gilded Age
Period of years known as the Gilded Age
1870s-early 1900s
When one company controls and entire industry
Monopoly
An organization of workers that fights for better wages, hours, and conditions
Labor Union
African Americans moving from the South to the North for jobs and safety
The Great Migration
What belief used “survival of the fittest” to justify inequality?
Social Darwinism
Name one major feature of the Gilded Age economy.
Rapid industrial growth, urbanization, wealth, inequality
Companies joining together to control prices and limit competition
trust
Name one reason labor unions formed
Low wages, long hours, and unsafe working conditions
Reasons that immigrants settled in cities
Jobs, housing, new opportunities, ethnic communities
Reform movement that helped the poor and cities
Social gospel/settlement houses
The growth of cities as people move from rural to urban areas
Urbanization
Trusts reduce competition by...
Combining businesses and elimating competitors.
Events like the Haymarket Square and Pullman strikes showed:
conflict between workers, businesses, and the government
Overcrowding / poor sanitation / disease / crime are examples of
Problems of urbanization
How did department stores and catalogs change life?
Promoted consumer culture and shopping; new form of entertainment
The growth of factories and mass production
Industrialization
Used vertical integration in steel
Andrew Carnegie
How did the government respond to labor/big business-specific issues at first?
Hands off (laissez-faire)
Community centers that helped immigrants and the poor with education and services
Settlement houses
Popular leisure activities
Movies, sports, amusement parks, vaudeville
How does industrialization change the U.S. economy?
Shift to big business and industrial production
Difference between vertical and horizontal integration
Vertical = controls all steps of production
Horizontal = buys or merges with competitors
What did tragedies like the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire highlight?
Better working conditions for women
How did immigration and urbanization change cities?
Cities grew, became more diverse, and faced new challenges and reforms
One lasting impact of industrialization and urbanization
Rise of big business, organized labor, urban consumer society, U.S. economic power