Supreme Court Cases
This court case established the principle of "separate but equal."
Plessy v. Ferguson
Participants occupy a space (like a lunch counter) and refuse to leave to challenge segregation or discriminatory practices.
Sit-in
This civil rights leader gave the 'I Have a Dream' speech during the 1963 March on Washington.
Dr. Martin Luther King
In 1957 these nine students were escorted by federal troops to integrate a Central High School in Arkansas.
Little Rock 9
These amendments were created to end slavery, grant citizenship, and enshrine voting rights for African Americans after the Civil War
13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments
This case overturned segregation in all public classrooms as "separate but equal" was never possible.
Brown v. Board of Education
Work stoppage by employees who refuse to work to demand better pay, hours, or working conditions.
Strike
Author of The Feminine Mystique and a key organizer of the National Organization of Women and modern women's rights movement
Betty Friedan
This 1955–56 protest began after Rosa Parks' arrest and led to a boycott against bus segregation.
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Enacted in 1972, this federal law prohibits sex discrimination in any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.
Title IX
After excluding Mexican Americans from juries, guaranteed representation based on the 14th Amendment's Equal Protection Clause.
Hernandez v. Texas
Collective refusal to buy, use, or support a business or product to protest policies or force change.
Boycott
These farmworker leaders co-founded the United Farm Workers and used strikes and boycotts to win better conditions
Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta
The 1963 mass rally where civil rights leaders demanded jobs and freedom and showcased King's speech.
March on Washington
Before becoming the first Black justice on the U.S. Supreme Court, he was the NAACP lawyer who successfully argued the 1954 case that ended legal school segregation
Thurgood Marshall
This case protected the 1st amendment rights of students in the classroom (as long as it wasn't disruptive).
Tinker v. Des Moines
Public gathering where people walk or assemble to show support for or protest against an issue.
Nation of Islam spokesperson who argued for Black self‑defense and racial pride before later moderating his views
Malcolm X
This 1964 federal law outlawed discrimination in public accommodations and employment based on race, color, religion, or national origin.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This 1960s domestic program launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson to end poverty and discrimination. It included Medicare, Medicaid, and the creation of the Department of Housing and Urban Development
The Great Society