Attitudes & Beliefs
A learned tendency to respond favorably or unfavorably toward a person, object, or idea.
What is an attitude?
The group of people with whom an individual identifies and feels a sense of belonging.
What is an ingroup?
An unjustified negative attitude toward a group and its members.
What is prejudice?
The tendency to view members of an outgroup as more similar to one another than they actually are.
What is out-group homogeneity bias?
Attitudes that operate automatically and without conscious awareness and can influence behavior.
What are implicit attitudes?
A group that an individual perceives as different from or separate from their own group.
What is an outgroup?
Unjustified negative behavior directed toward a group or its members.
What is discrimination?
The tendency to attribute others’ behavior to internal characteristics rather than external situations.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The belief that people usually get what they deserve and deserve what they get, even in cases of injustice.
What is the Just-World Phenomenon?
The tendency to favor members of one’s own group over members of other groups.
What is in-group bias?
A generalized belief about a group of people that does not account for individual differences.
What is a stereotype?
The tendency to explain one’s own successes using internal factors and failures using external factors.
What is self-serving bias?
The amount of mental effort being used in working memory; higher levels can reduce decision-making accuracy.
What is cognitive load?
Beliefs and feelings that people develop based on their membership in social groups such as race, religion, or teams.
What is social identity?
Negative attitudes toward a group that exist and influence behavior without conscious awareness.
What are implicit attitudes?
Explaining your own behavior based on situational factors while explaining others’ behavior based on dispositional factors.
What is actor-observer bias?
When a person’s expectations about another individual cause that individual to behave in ways that confirm those expectations.
What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?
The belief that one’s own cultural or ethnic group is superior to others, often leading to negative judgments of outsiders.
What is ethnocentrism?
A theory suggesting that prejudice arises when people blame a specific group for their own problems or frustrations.
What is scapegoat theory?
The tendency to more accurately recognize faces of one’s own race than faces of other races.
What is the other-race effect?