What is a computer network?
A computer network is a system of interconnected computing devices (nodes)—such as laptops, servers, and, printers—that exchange data and share resources via wired (fiber optic, cable) or wireless (Wi-Fi) connections.
Which topology has no central device and each node is connected in a closed loop?
Ring topology.
In which topology is every device connected to a central hub or switch?
Star topology.
What is a database?
An organized collection of related data stored electronically.
Which database structure stores data in tables with rows and columns?
Relational database.
Which component enables devices to communicate using rules and standards?
Network protocols. 
Which transmission medium uses light signals for data transfer?
Optical fiber.
Why is mesh topology considered highly reliable?
Because multiple paths exist between nodes, ensuring communication even if one link fails.

What is the role of a Database Management System (DBMS)?
To create, store, retrieve, and manage data efficiently.
Which database structure stores data in parent–child relationships?
Hierarchical database.
What type of network covers a small geographical area like an office or campus?
Local Area Network (LAN).
Which network connects computers over large geographical distances using public infrastructure?
Wide Area Network (WAN).
Which network enables employees to work remotely?
Virtual Private Network (VPN).
Explain the role of data integrity in database systems.
Data integrity ensures accuracy, consistency, and reliability of data throughout its lifecycle.
What is metadata and why is it important in databases?
Metadata is data about data; it helps in understanding structure, meaning, and usage. Qualitative data.
Finding products frequently bought together is an example of which data mining techniqu?.
Association rule mining
Banking transactions are to OLTP as business trend analysis is to this system.
OLAP
This trend emphasizes high-speed wireless communication for massive device connectivity.
5G networking?
Compare centralized and distributed databases.
Centralized databases store data at one location, while distributed databases store data across multiple locations.
How does data mining differ from traditional querying?
Data mining discovers hidden patterns, while querying retrieves known information.
Clustering differs from classification because it does not require this type of data.
labeled data
List the stage in database development.
Planning
Conceptual Design
Logical Design
Physical Design
Development
Testing
Deployment
Monitoring and Maintenance
What is the SQL code for CRUD operation in db on table student with attributes ID, Name, Location?
SQL Code for CRUD Operations
1️⃣ CREATE (Insert Data)
2️⃣ READ (Retrieve Data)
3️⃣ UPDATE (Modify Data)
4️⃣ DELETE (Remove Data)
CREATE Complete ER diagram of School management system.

Visualize multidimentional database using cube from following:
Dimensions and Members
Dimension 1: Product
Members:
Laptop
Smartphone
Tablet
Printer
Accessories
Dimension 2: Region
Members:
North
South
East
West
Dimension 3: Time
Members:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4