Agricultural Revolution
How did the Agricultural Revolution lead to the Industrial Revolution? (2 reasons for full credit)
Led to more food production, people paid less money for food, bought more consumer goods
Fewer farmers needed to work, more moved to cities for factory jobs
Explain 3 ways that the geography of England helped cause the Industrial Revolution
Coal Resources plentiful
Surrounded by water, leader in sea trade
Rivers for power and transit
Natural harbors for trade
Name the two inventions that helped humans weave cloth in textile factories
Flying shuttle
Power loom
Proletariat- working class
Bourgeoisie- business/factory owning class
They would take out loans to buy goods, transport them, and then sell them at a higher price to make a profit and pay off their loans
The 1930s set, musical, vampire horror film Sinners set a record with ______ nominations at the 98th Academy Awards
16
Enclosures turned common land into private land. What exactly is "common land" and what were the effects of turning it into private land?
Common land was land used by all peasants to hunt/farm
Turning it into private land led to new farming innovation and former peasants moving to cities for jobs
Explain the entire causal mechanism for how new machines and technology led to industrial growth.
New machines would be used in factories
Factories could produce more goods faster, for less money
More production leads to more money, which leads to expanding factories
Name the three inventions that helped people spin yarn in textile factories
Spinning Jenny
Water Frame
Spinning Mule
How did the Industrial Revolution lead to the expansion of the two new industrial classes?
Fewer farmers due to Agricultural Revolution, more moved to cities and became factory workers
Factories expanded, more workers constantly needed
More factories and businesses led to more factory owners, creating more bourgeoisie
Explain how industrial capitalism is different from mercantile capitalism
On Monday night/Tuesday morning this week, a wild animal was spotted in the Pacific Heights neighborhood of San Francisco. What wild animal was loose on the streets?
A young mountain lion
How did the 4-crop rotation system improve food production? How
Farmers could now use all of their fields to produce food rather than leaving 1/3 of their land empty
New crops would be used to replenish the soil
How did colonial markets help Britain industrialize (2 reasons)?
1. Colonies provided raw materials (coal, wood, cotton, iron) for industrial factories
2. Colonies also provided markets for industrial goods to be sold
What does a telegraph do? What were the effects of the telegraph?
Sends electrical signals over wire long distances, allows fast communication
Information travels faster across countries an continents, makes business more efficient
What is class consciousness and how did the proletariat develop it?
Class consciousness is the realization that you belong to a certain social or economic group
Proletariat realized they all lived in poverty, poor working conditions, all shared similar customs and values, they were different from the owners
How did joint-stock companies spread out investment risk and lead to business growth in the 1700s?
Rather than a few people putting up a lot of money to fund businesses, many people started investing less money to fund the same businesses
Helped businesses raise money fast, people didn't lose everything if the business failed
Quarterback Drake "Drake Maye" Maye led his New England Patriots to the Superbowl recently. What college did Drake "Drake Maye" Maye attend?
University of North Carolina
Explain how urbanization helped cause the Industrial Revolution
Fewer people needed working on farms
More people available for factory or mining jobs
More factories/mines can be built
How did the legal system in Britain help cause the Industrial Revolution? (2 reasons)
1. Protections for intellectual property- patents for inventions means that no one can steal invention ideas for a few years
2. Physical property protections- people cannot lose their property arbitrarily without compensation
The increased yarn spinning and cloth weaving in factories led to the need for more raw materials. What new invention was created to process this raw material? What were the unintended consequences of this invention?
Cotton gin to process raw cotton, remove seeds, and create usable cotton
Led to more slave plantations in the Americas
How did the bourgeoisie develop class consciousness?
Buying different goods from workers
Participating in different activities: leisure, parties,
Explain capitalism as a cultural system (2 reasons)
Ideas surfaced in the 1700s that all people were by nature consumers
People didn't just produce goods, they could also buy and consume them
People came to appreciate risk taking, profit seeking behavior, and innovation
A rash of sports injuries recently involves players tearing their ACLs. What does ACL stand for and where in your body is it?
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Your knee
What crops were used to replenish the soil in the 4-crop rotation?
Legumes like peas, alfalfa and beans, or turnips
How did the increase in population from the Agricultural Revolution cause an increase in textile production?
More people were living into adulthood because of food abundance
These people needed more clothes, which created more demand for textiles
Why was the steam engine invented originally and what were the long term effects of the steam engine (at least 3 effects)?
Invented to pump water from deep mines
Caused increased demand for coal
Faster factory production
Pollution
Faster transportation
How did the arguments of Friedrich Engels relate to class-consciousness?
Engels said that workers were all more similar than different, they would realize that their poverty is caused by industrial capitalism and band together.
What is the key difference between Marxist socialism and capitalism as cultural systems?
Capitalism says that people are competitive consumers and producers by nature, we will produce goods and compete with each other to make more profit and innovations
Marxist socialism says that people do their best work and are most productive when sharing resources and cooperating, also that classes of the industrial world will be in conflict with each other
Rock climber Alex Honnold is famous for free-soloing El Capitan in Yosemite, where he did not use ropes or safety equipment to ascend the granite monolith.
What structure dd he recently free-solo that made news headlines?
Taipei 101 skyscraper in Taiwan
Who invented the seed drill?
Jethro Tull
How did the British financial system lead to the Industrial Revolution? (2 ways)
More money in banks due to trade allowed more loans from banks to business owners
Joint-stock companies and stock markets allow companies to raise money quickly and spread out investment risks
What were the long term effects of the new industrial technologies? (4 effects)
Pollution in cities- coal fumes, filth in the streets
Urbanization- more people move to cities for factory jobs
Increase in unskilled labor in factories, less skilled labor needed
Much faster production, grows exponentially
Explain the bourgeois moral code.
Idea that to be wealthy you must be self-disciplined, hard-working, striving for personal achievement,
If you were not wealthy, it was your own fault for not working hard enough or being smart enough
Purity and fidelity as values- no drunkenness and gambling allowed
Explain the demands and goals of the Communists as outlined by Marx- at least 3
1. Proletarian Revolution- overthrow the bourgeois classes and create socialism
2. Abolish landed property
3. Heavy taxes on wealthy
4. State controlled transit, communication, factories,
5. Free education for all
This chess opening is characterized by the following sequence of moves
1. e4 e5
2. Nf3 Nc6
3. Bc4
The Italian Game