The Italian States
This city-state served as a commercial link between Asia and Western Europe and was ruled by an elected leader called a doge.
What is Venice?
What was humanism based on the study of, especially the literature of ancient Greece and Rome?
The classics
Which Italian painter of the 14th century focused on depicting human beings and their realities and dramas?
Giotto
Why did northern European artists paint illustrations for books and wooden panels instead of frescoes like the Italians?
Gothic cathedrals in the north did not have large wall spaces for frescoes.
Which factor in Italy’s urban environment encouraged an exchange of ideas that helped stimulate Renaissance culture?
Thriving trade networks
Which family became dukes of Milan in the 14th century before being replaced by Francesco Sforza?
The Visconti family
Who is known as the father of Italian Renaissance humanism and searched for forgotten Latin manuscripts?
Francesco Petrarch
Who is considered the artist whose frescoes marked the true beginning of the Renaissance in art?
Tommaso di Giovanni (Masaccio)
Which region in the 1400s was the most important northern school of art?
Flanders
What role did Francesco Sforza play in Milan after conquering the city?
He became duke and built a strong centralized state.
What goods did Italian merchants obtain from the East and send back to Europe?
Silks, sugar, and spices
What term is used today for subjects such as grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history?
The humanities
What is a fresco, a painting done on fresh, wet plaster using water-based paints, called?
A fresco
Which Flemish painter was among the first to use and perfect the technique of oil painting?
Jan van Eyck
What type of studies formed the core of Renaissance humanist schools and are the basis of today’s liberal arts?
Liberal studies
Which family controlled Florence from behind the scenes and helped make it a cultural center of Italy?
The Medici family
What is the name for writing in the local spoken language instead of Latin?
Vernacular
What technique did Renaissance artists master to create the illusion of three dimensions and make figures appear more realistic?
Perspective
Which German artist studied in Italy, learned about perspective, and tried to combine Italian ideals of beauty with northern attention to detail?
Albrecht Durer
Which Italian city-state served as a major trading link with merchants in England and the Netherlands?
Venice
Who was the preacher who criticized the Medici family and was executed for heresy in 1498?
Girolamo Savonarola
According to Renaissance humanists, what was the main purpose of liberal education?
To help individuals reach their full potential and follow a path of virtue and wisdom
Which sculptor studied Greek and Roman statues and created realistic, freestanding marble figures?
Donatello
How did Flemish artists typically place their subjects in their paintings to reflect realism?
Among everyday objects
Which subjects did 14th-century humanists study in order to revive classical values?
Grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history