Anatomy Unit 1 Review

Body Systems & Life Functions

1

Which 2 body systems work together for movement and support?

Muscular and Skeletal systems

1

Identify 4 of the 5 survival needs.

nutrients, oxygen, normal body temperature, water, normal atmospheric pressure

1

Which body system contains the heart and blood vessels?

Cardiovascular

1

List 6 of the 8 functions necessary for life.

maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth

1

What system is responsible for gas exchange with the environment?

respiratory system

Cavities, Planes, & Directions

1

Which body cavity contains the brain and spinal cord?

Dorsal cavity

1

Identify the 3 regions that are to the right of the umbilical region, from superior to inferior.

R hypochondriac, R lumbar, R iliac

1

Which plane separates the body into anterior and posterior?

frontal (coronal)

1

How does a midsaggital cut separate the body?

Into equal left and right parts.

1

What 3 main cavities are included in the ventral body cavity?

abdominal, pelvic, thoracic

Tissues, Cells, & Processes

1

What are the 4 types of tissues in the body?

Epithelial, muscular, nervous, connective tissues

1

Which type of cell division produces gametes?

Meiosis

1

In DNA replication, which bases pair with which bases?

A with T

C with G

1

Where does transcription take place in the cell and what is the product?

In the nucleus

mRNA is the product

1

Where does translation take place in the cell and what is the product?

Cytoplasm (ribosome)

amino acid chain (polypeptide/protein)

Homeostasis

1

What is the primary driver for increased breathing rate?

CO₂ levels too high in the blood (not lack of O₂)

1

What are 2 ways the body responds to prevent hyperthermia?

sweating (evaporative cooling), dilation of blood vessels in skin (radiant cooling)

1

What is the difference between a positive feedback loop and a negative feedback loop?

Positive- response increases initial stimulus

Negative- response decreases initial stimulus

1

What is almost always the control center in a feedback loop?

The brain

1

Define what a stimulus is in a feedback loop.

An imbalance (a problem/trigger)

Fun Facts

1

What is the largest organ in the human body?

skin

1

What % of your body weight is due to blood? (within 3%)

8%

1

What human body part is as strong as shark's teeth?

teeth

1

What is the longest type of cell in the body?

Neuron (nerve cell)

1

What is the life span of an erythrocyte? (within 10 days)

120 days