Endocrine System's control of homeostasis
Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine's speed of response is
Slow
Hormones of the endocrine system are secreted from?
Endocrine glands
This part of the brain functions as both an endocrine gland and part of the CNS
hypothalamus
A hormone made from cholesterol is called a
steroid
Non hormonal regulation
How do the nervous system and endocrine system work differently from each other in terms of "duration of influence?"
Nervous system = brief
Endocrine system = long
Endocrine glands secrete their contents into what?
The bloodstream
The hypothalamus controls this gland
Pituitary gland
A hormone from a single amino acid is called an
amine
In direct neural control of the endocrine system, the nervous system uses what substances?
Neurotransmitters or neurohormones
Why can the endocrine system control practically every cell in the body?
Because the circulatory system carries blood (and the hormones) through our entire body
Why will a hormone NOT affect every cell
Because it will only affect "target cells" which have receptors for that specific hormone
These glands "sit" on top of our kidneys
Adrenal glands
The majority of hormones are what kind?
Peptides
Neurons that secrete neurohormones rather than neurotransmitters are called?
Neurosecretory cells
What ways does the Endocrine system vary its signal strength?
1. amount of hormone
2. amount of receptors on target cells
How are hormones that we no longer need eliminated from our body?
(must provide both organ(s) and mechanism(s))
These four glands can be found at the base of the neck and embedded within another endocrine gland
parathyroid glands
What are peptide hormones made of?
short chains of amino acids
When the hypothalamus releases a hormone that causes the anterior pituitary gland to release a hormone, which kind of control over hormone release is occurring?
Hormonal control
Why can endocrine glands repair themselves much more easily than the neurons of the nervous system?
(What specific type of cell are they made of)
Endocrine glands are stable cells which means they can be repaired if injured
(Stable cells have stopped dividing but can be induced to regenerate after injury)
What happens when a hormone provides a feedback signal?
It "tells" the gland that secreted it that its job is done OR that it needs to secrete more of the hormone
This is the gland involved in patients suffering from Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
pancreas
An example of a steroid hormone (besides testosterone!) is?
ProgesTERONE
Estrogen
Cortisol
Aldosterone
The axons of the neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus travel through what structure on their way to the posterior pituitary gland?
Infundibulum