Biological Molecules
The monomer unit that makes up a protein.
What is an amino acid?
The main difference between a plant cell and an animal cell is this outer layer in plants.
What is a cell wall?
The red pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
What is haemoglobin?
The precise term for the role and position a species has in its environment, defined by its interactions with living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) factors.
What is a Niche?
The specific property of water, caused by its dipolar nature, that allows it to act as a buffer against sudden temperature changes in aquatic habitats.
What is High Specific Heat Capacity?
The simple sugar that is the primary energy source in living organisms.
What is glucose?
The site within the cell where protein synthesis takes place.
What is a ribosome?
The specific site of gas exchange within the lungs, consisting of tiny air sacs.
What are alveoli?
The type of competition that occurs between individuals of the same species for limited resources.
What is intraspecific competition?
The precise mechanism by which the binding of a transcription factor to a promoter region initiates the synthesis of a pre-mRNA molecule.
What is RNA Polymerase recruitment?
The type of lipid that makes up the main structure of cell membranes.
What is a phospholipid?
The process where a cell engulfs large particles or other cells, such as white blood cells consuming bacteria.
What is phagocytosis?
The specific tissue in a plant leaf where most photosynthesis occurs due to the high density of chloroplasts.
What is the palisade mesophyll?
The term for the first species to colonise a barren or new environment during primary succession.
What is the pioneer species?
The specific term for the regulation of translation where a small, single-stranded RNA molecule binds to a complementary mRNA sequence to trigger its breakdown.
What is siRNA (Small Interfering RNA)?
The specific enzyme that digests starch into maltose.
What is amylase?
The stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows and copies its DNA.
What is interphase?
The name of the specific valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the human heart.
What is the bicuspid valve (or mitral valve)?
The specific process ecologists use to measure biomass, which involves removing all water content from the organic material.
What is measuring dry mass?
The specific mechanism in the second messenger model where the binding of adrenaline activates this enzyme to convert ATP into cyclic AMP.
What is Adenylate Cyclase?
The term for an inhibitor that permanently changes the shape of an enzyme's active site by binding to an allosteric site?
What is a non-competitive inhibitor?
A genetic disorder that causes a build-up of waste lipids in brain cells due to a defective enzyme in this organelle.
What are lysosomes?
Identify the specific intermolecular interaction resulting from the dipole moment of water that grants the column of xylem sap sufficient tensile strength to resist mass flow disruption under high negative pressure?
What are hydrogen bonds?
The measure of the number of species present in a habitat and the relative abundance of each species, giving a measure of species variety.
What is the index of diversity?
The precise biochemical change to histones that increases the positive charge on their tails, leading to a tighter association with DNA and the inhibition of transcription.
What is Deacetylation?