Miscellaneous
if you suspect an erroneiously high Spo2, and abnormal hemoglobin levels are suspected, what should be used to evalulate O2 saturation?
CO-oximeter
This sedation scale is a single-category, observer-based tool in which a score of 2–4 indicates adequate sedation in ICU patients.
What is the Ramsay Sedation Scale?
This type of pneumonia is defined as developing 48 hours or more after a patient has been placed on mechanical ventilation.
What is ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)?
These medications are used to reduce anxiety, agitation, and promote amnesia in mechanically ventilated patients.
What are sedatives?
This noninvasive monitoring method provides a continuous graphic display of exhaled CO₂ over time.
What is capnography?
monitoriing the level of eNO can be used to effectively monitor what in the treatment of asthmatics?
inhaled corticosteroids
This benzodiazepine is considered the drug of choice for mechanically ventilated ICU patients when sedation is needed for longer than 24 hours.
What is lorazepam (Ativan)
VAP that develops between 48 and 72 hours after tracheal intubation is classified as this type of pneumonia.
What is early-onset VAP?
Lorazepam is the generic name for this commonly used ICU sedative.
What is Ativan?
This value normally ranges from 35–43 mmHg and is typically 4–6 mmHg lower than PaCO₂.
What is PetCO₂?
medical procedure in which the bronchoscope is passed into the lungs for a specimen collection is termed:
bronchial alveolar lavage
this sedative provides light to moderate ICU sedation, preserves respiratory drive, and is associated with bradycardia and hypotension.
What is dexmedetomidine (Precedex)?
Aspiration of contaminated secretions, colonization of the aerodigestive tract, and infection of the lung parenchyma describe this process leading to VAP.
What is the pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia?
This benzodiazepine with rapid onset and short half-life is known by the brand name Versed.
What is midazolam?
A sudden absence of PetCO₂ on the monitor may indicate apnea, airway obstruction, or this life-threatening event.
What is cardiac arrest?
Haldol is the brand name for this neuroleptic commonly used to manage agitation and delirium in ICU patients.
What is haloperidol?
This synthetic opioid, approximately 100–150 times more potent than morphine, is preferred in patients with hemodynamic instability and renal insufficiency.
What is fentanyl?
This clinical scoring system, which assigns 0–2 points to six clinical variables, considers a score greater than 6 evidence of VAP.
What is the Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS)?
Diprivan is the brand name for this anesthetic agent used for sedation and hypnosis.
What is propofol?
This type of capnometer measures CO₂ using infrared spectroscopy and places the sensor directly at the patient’s airway.
What is mainstream capnography?
Norcuron is the brand name for this nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent commonly used in mechanically ventilated patients.
What is vecuronium?
This depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent resembles acetylcholine and can trigger malignant hyperthermia in susceptible individuals.
What is succinylcholine?
This nonpharmacologic prevention strategy involves keeping the patient partially upright to reduce aspiration risk and prevent VAP.
What is semirecumbent positioning?
This synthetic opioid, 100–150 times more potent than morphine, is marketed as Sublimaze.
What is fentanyl?
This monitoring method places a heated sensor on the skin to estimate oxygenation and ventilation (PtcO₂ and PtcCO₂).
What is transcutaneous monitoring?