Claudia
All of these are correct except:
A) Philosophy’s expansion was due to translation movements
B) Averroes was a muslim philosopher
C) There was political fragmentation in Al-Andalus
D) Dhimmi System = protected person
E) Philosophical exchange happened mainly in Toledo and Cordoba
F) The Granada Massacre of 1166 was against christians
F) The Granada Massacre; it was against jews
Alfonso X encouraged a shift to which language as the target language of translations?
A: Castilian
B: Mozarabic
C: Ladino
D: Latin
A: Castilian
What happened to each of the 3 languages (Ladino, Mozarabic, and Aljamiado) after the Reconquista? Why do you think this was the result for each of the languages?
Ladino preserved most of its Spanish features post 15th century, Mozarabic was slowly romanticized, and Aljamiado slowly faded away. Arabic influenced languages were pushed out along with Muslims, but Ladino stayed, just was changed a bit, most likely for convenience.
Why was economic cooperation between Muslims, Christians, and Jews able to function in medieval Spain?
A. Religious equality existed among all groups
B. Cooperation was enforced by law
C. Coexistence was economically profitable
D. Political unity eliminated conflict
C. Coexistence was economically profitable
Were Isabella of Castile and Fernando of Aragon related other than by marriage?
Yes, they were second cousins.
True or False: During Raimon Llul’s lifetime, Mallorca was under muslim control
False; it was under Christian (Aragonese control)
Whose commentaries, alongside some Aristotelian texts, were barred from being taught in the 1210-1277 Condemnations?
A: Galen
B: al-Battani
C: Averroes
D: Avicenna
C: Averroes
Based on what you know about French and Turkish roots, why are loan words from those languages used in Ladino and what effect did they have on the diverse linguistics of the Iberian peninsula?
French comes from Latin background, and Turkish comes from middle eastern, therefore Hebrew similar, background, which were the main influences on Ladino. It further diversified and complicated the linguistics, and incorporated even more influences to an already heavily mixed language system.
Which cities were major commercial hubs in medieval Spain?
A. Paris, Rome, London, Athens
B. Córdoba, Toledo, Seville, Granada
C. Mecca, Medina, Cairo, Damascus
D. Lisbon, Porto, Madrid, Barcelona
B. Córdoba, Toledo, Seville, Granada
Name Fernando and Isabella's five children and explain their link to Anglicanism.
Isabella, Juan, Juana, Maria, and Catalina
(Catherine of Aragon married Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales, and then his brother Henry VIII, king of England)
These were Main Currents of Andalusian Philosophy:(Choose four)
Neoplatonism, Peripatetic, Negative Theology, Metaphysical Sufism, Transcendent Theosophy, Islamic Rationalism, Augustine, Socratic Philosophy Manichaeism, Christianity
Neoplatonism, Peripatetic, Negative Theology, Metaphysical Sufism
During translation, what language were the texts read aloud or explained in?
A: Latin
B: Arabic
C: Mozarabic
D: Hebrew
C: Mozarabic
All of the following are correct about Medieval Tripartite Spain and its linguistics EXCEPT:
a. resulted in widespread multilingualism
b. All of these languages had in some way an effect on the languages discussed: Greek, Latin (archaic and modern), Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, Turkish, French, and German
c. Mozarabic and Aljamiado are the more Arabic influenced languages while Ladino is more Hebrew influenced
d. Main original language influences: Arabic, Hebrew, and Romance languages
e. Arabic manuscripts have geometric designs, but Christian manuscripts were also influenced by this and later incorporated them
b. All of these languages had in some way an effect on the languages discussed: Greek, Latin (archaic and modern), Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, Turkish, French, and German
Why did Jewish merchants often serve as economic middlemen?
A. They controlled most farmland
B. They were exempt from taxes
C. They spoke multiple languages and had diaspora connections
D. They held political power
C. They spoke multiple languages and had diaspora connections
When the Catholic Monarchs rose to power, they intentionally displaced the feudal aristocracy by filling their court with university educated, legally trained letrados from middle-class backgrounds. What is the name given to feudal aristocrats who inherit positions becuase of family ties?
Hidalgos
(hijo + de + algo)
True or False: In the year 1036, the Umayyad kingdom in Al-Andalus fell leaving a series of muslim states called Taifa Kingdoms.
False; it was in 1031
Q: Why did some European Christians protest the involvement of other religions?
A: They insisted all knowledge should come from God’s inspiration
B: They were worried of providing the ‘enemies’ with a ledge to stand on by letting them establish a dependance of Castile on translations
C: They no longer considered Mozarabs Christian due to Jewish and Islamic influences
D: They believed that because of the involvement of other religions, the translations were ‘diabolical’
D: They believed that because of the involvement of other religions, the translations were ‘diabolical’
What influences were there on Jewish manuscripts in tripartite Spain?
a. Gothic, French, and Castilian
b. Castilian, French, and Judean
c. Gothic, Mudejár, and French
d. Celtic, Roman, and French
e. All Spanish and Middle Eastern languages
c. Gothic, Mudejár, and French
Under Muslim rule, what best describes the economic and political position of dhimmis?
A. Politically powerful and economically independent
B. Economically useful but politically subordinate
C. Equal in law but restricted in trade
D. Exempt from taxes but socially isolated
B. Economically useful but politically subordinate
Where is the Spanish university most favored by Ferdiand and Isabella located?
Salamanca, Spain
All of these are INCORRECT except:
A) The Granada Massacre happened in 1126
B)Johannes Hispalensis most important work is the guide of the perplexed
C) Domingo Gundisalvo was a Christian Philosopher
D) Ramon Llul wrote solely in latin
E) Thomas Aquinas heavily agreed with Averroes
C) Domingo Gundisalvo was a Christian Philosopher
Q: Whose patronage did the translation movement start with? A: Alfonso X
B: Raymond of Salvetat
C: Alfonso VI
D: James I
B: Raymond of Salvetat
True or False:
Christian manuscripts featured intense colors and was highly expressive.
True
What ultimately caused tolerance in medieval Spain to collapse?
A. The spread of new religions
B. The end of trade routes
C. Economic systems stopped benefiting those in power
D. Cultural exchange increased
C. Economic systems stopped benefiting those in power
After the death of her rival (and older brother) Enrique, Isabella appeared in Segovia's plaza mayor where her supporters knelt in fealty to their new queen. As a procession conveyed Isabella through the town, she did not bear the usual Castillian royal scepter, but instead followed and older medieval custom. What was it and why did she do it?
Isabella chose a sword, carried point down by a single horseman at the head of her procession as her symbol. This was an older, Gothic custom, and her "sword of state" symbolized both militant strength and militant faith (because when carried pummel up, it resembled a cross).