Roaring 20s
This cultural movement celebrated Black American art, music, and literature.
What is the Harlem Renaissance?
This common financial practice allowed Americans to spend beyond their means by "buying now and paying later".
What is buying on credit (or installment buying)?
These shanty towns, built by the unemployed and poor, were named after the President to show public frustration with his policies.
What are Hoovervilles?
This president promised Americans a “New Deal” when he took office in 1933.
Who is FDR?
This program provided retirement and disability benefits to Americans.
What is Social Security?
FDR believed the federal government had this responsibility toward citizens’ economic well-being.
What is protecting Americans from economic hardship?
These women challenged traditional gender norms during the 1920s.
Who were flappers?
This term describes a risky investment practice where people gamble on the stock market using borrowed money.
What is buying on margin (or speculation)?
This group of WWI veterans marched on Washington in 1932 to demand immediate payment for their wartime services.
Who is the Bonus Army?
FDR’s New Deal programs were built around these "Three Rs".
What are Relief, Recovery, and Reform?
This agency insured bank deposits to restore trust in the banking system.
What is the FDIC?
FDR's presidency marked a massive shift in the role of government, moving from a "hands-off" approach to this.
What is increased government involvement (or intervention)?
This movement involved the mass movement of Black Americans from the rural South to the urban North in search of economic opportunities
What is the Great Migration?
In both industry and agriculture, this economic problem led to falling prices and was a root cause of the Depression.
What is overproduction?
This major construction project was one of the few direct steps Hoover took to create jobs during the crisis.
What is the Hoover (or Boulder) Dam?
FDR used these informal radio speeches to calm the public and explain his new policies.
What are fireside chats?
This New Deal agency regulated the stock market to prevent fraud.
What is the SEC?
This group of people was most negatively impacted by the "Cars on Credit" mindset, as they were encouraged to take on debt they could not repay when the economy failed.
Who are American consumers (or the middle/working class)?
The passage of the 18th Amendment led to this era, which inadvertently caused a massive increase in organized crime and "gangsterism"
What is Prohibition?
This event in 1929 is often cited as the immediate spark that triggered the Great Depression.
What is the Stock Market Crash?
President Hoover's belief that individuals should succeed on their own with minimal government help was known by this term.
What is "Rugged Individualism"?
This was the very first action FDR took as President, closing all financial institutions to restore confidence in them.
What is the Bank Holiday (or Emergency Banking Act)?
This program provided work for over 2 million young men to plant forests, dig ditches, and fight fires.
What is the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)?
This term describes the system created by the New Deal to support vulnerable Americans.
What is a social safety net?
This 1925 legal battle symbolized the clash between modern science and traditional religious fundamentalism regarding the teaching of evolution.
What is the Scopes Trial?
This government policy raised tariffs on imports and worsened international trade during the Depression.
What is the Smoot-Hawley Tariff?
Hoover believed this group—not the federal government—should provide aid to those in need.
What are charities and churches?
Critics of the New Deal, especially conservatives, attacked it for giving the President too much power and labeled it as this political system.
What is Socialism?
This program was designed to end overproduction by paying farmers not to plant on part of their land.
What is the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)?
FDR’s New Deal represented a rejection of this economic philosophy.
What is laissez-faire economics?