Groups
This is two or more people who, for longer than a few moments, interact with and influence one another and perceive one another as “us.”
What is a GROUP?
These are co-participants working individually on a noncompetitive activity.
Who are co-actors?
This leader makes decisions alone and expects strict obedience.
What is authoritarian leadership?
This term describes the pressure within a cohesive group that discourages dissent and leads members to suppress doubts.
What is Groupthink?
When researchers noticed that people act differently in groups than alone, they used this basic method to compare behavior across situations.
What is EXPERIEMENTS?
This term describes when people change behavior to match a group.
What is conformity?
This is the tendency of people to perform simple or well-learned tasks better when others are present.
What is social facilitation?
This hands‑off leader provides little guidance and lets the group self‑manage.
What is laissez‑faire leadership?
This term describes how people in a group often end up with stronger or more extreme opinions after discussing an issue together.
What is group polarization?
To understand group polarization, researchers often measure people’s opinions before and after group discussion. This type of measurement is called:
What is pre-test/post-test?
This happens when group members value harmony over good decision‑making.
What is groupthink?
__________ ________ facilitates dominant responses, whether they are right or wrong.
What is SOCIAL AROUSAL?
This leader inspires and motivates followers with a vision.
What is transformational leadership?
This is a loss of individual identity and a gaining of the social identity of the group.
What is deindividuation?
When studying group influence, researchers try to control outside factors so they can be confident that the group itself caused the change. This is known ______ _______.
What is EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL?
This effect causes people to work less hard in groups than alone.
What is social loafing?
Heightened arousal in crowded homes tends to increase _________.
What is STRESS?
This leader encourages group input and shared decision‑making.
What is democratic leadership?
_________ _________ occurs when the presence of others increases dominant responses, which leads to increased performance on easy tasks and decreased performance on difficult tasks.
What is Social facilitation?
To understand how groups affect decision‑making, researchers often compare how individuals decide alone versus in groups. This comparison helps identify _______ ________.
What is GROUP INFLUENCE?
Losing your sense of personal identity in a crowd is called this.
What is deindividuation?
This is concern for how others are evaluating us.
What is EVALUATION APPREHENSION?
This leader focuses on structure, rewards, and tasks to maintain order.
What is transactional leadership?
Name one human need that groups often help individuals meet.
What is:
1. the need to gain a social identity
2. the need to achieve
3. the need to affiliate
When studying group influence, researchers often update their explanations as new evidence appears. This ongoing process of correcting earlier ideas and improving theories is known as _________ ________.
What is SCIENTIFIC REVISION?