Heart Anatomy
This part of the heart is formed by the atria and is located superiorly.
Base
These specific vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the Left Atrium.
Pulmonary Veins
Known as the primary pacemaker, it normally fires at 60–100 bpm.
SA Node
These "resistance vessels" are the main source of peripheral resistance.
Arterioles mall blood vessels that connect arteries and capillaries and control blood pressure and flow
Blood Pressure is calculated by multiplying this (HR x SV) by Systemic Vascular Resistance.
Cardiac Output
The anterior surface of the heart is mostly comprised of these two chambers.
Right Atrium and Right Ventricle
These "string-like" structures prevent the AV valves from inverting during contraction
Chordae tendonae
These specific structures within intercalated discs allow for rapid electrical conduction.
Gap Junctions
This coronary artery supplies the anterior wall and the interventricular septum.
LAD (Left Anterior Descending)
This hormone system is triggered by decreased renal perfusion to increase BP.
RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System)
These are the three layers of the heart wall, from innermost to outermost.
Endocardium, Myocardium, and Epicardium
The LV pumps blood into this vessel to begin systemic circulation.
aorta
This term describes the ability of cardiac cells to generate an impulse spontaneously.
Automaticity
This percentage of the body's total blood volume is typically stored in the veins.
60%
These receptors in the aorta and carotid sinus respond to changes in stretch/pressure.
Baroreceptors
This spiral-like feature of heart muscle allows for efficient blood propulsion.
Musculature arrangement, wringing ability unlike skeletal muscles
These valves (Pulmonic and Aortic) open during systole and close during diastole.
Semilunar Valves
pul at entrance to pulmonary artery
Aortic at entrance to aorta
This complex regulates the binding of actin and myosin in the sarcomere.
Troponin-Tropomyosin
These are the three layers (tunicae) that make up a standard blood vessel wall.
Intima, Media, and Externa
This peptide is released by the atria to trigger sodium and water excretion to lower BP.
Most hearts are "dominant" in this way, meaning the RCA gives rise to the PDA.
Myocardial blood flow (perfusion) occurs primarily during this phase of the cardiac cycle.
diastole
This specialized structure stores and releases Calcium for muscle contraction.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
These are the largest veins in the body that return deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower body directly to the Right Atrium.
Vena Cavae
This is the "normal" range for Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), which ensures organs receive enough blood.
60–90 mmHg