Chemicals of Life
What macromolecules are made from amino acids?
Proteins
What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Photosynthesis
The death of an entire species
What are the two main groups in the Kingdom Animalia?
What is the organ used for breathing in humans?
The lungs
What cabohydrate is stored in animals as an energy reserve?
Glycogen
Which organelle is responsible for respiration?
The mitochondria
Evolution is a result of
What kingdom does an Ameoba form part of?
Protoctista
Why does the trachea contain cilia?
What bonds hold water molecules together? What type of bonds are these?
Hydrogen Bonds - a type of covalent bond
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein Synthesis
What is a species?
A group of organisms which can interbreed and produce fertile offsprings.
Name the 5 Kingdoms. Which are eukaryotes and which are prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes - Monera / Prokaryota
Eukaryotes - Protoctista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
What is the role of the diaphragm during inhalation and exhalation?
Inhalation - contracts and flattens to increase volume in the chest cavity and so decrease pressure, drawing in air.
Exhalation - relaxes and becomes dome-shapes to decrease volume in the chest cavity and so increase pressure, pushing air out.
What kind of reaction joins two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide? What is the name of the bond formed?
List 3 differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic - smaller, no nucleus + membrane bound organelles, 70S ribosomes, plasmids present, murein cell wall
Eukaryotic - larger, nucleus + membrane bound organelles, 80S ribosomes, no plasmids, cellulose cell wall (plants)
Give one example of natural selection and describe the process
Selection and propagation of advantageous traits
List 3 characteristics of Kingdom Fungi
Eukaryotes, hyphae in mould and mushrooms, chitin cell walls, heterotrophic nutrition - decomposers or parasites,
List one substance that can harm the function of the lungs and explain why
Tar - settles on inner linings of trachea, bronchi and bronchioles and can cause uncontrolled cell division leading to lung cancer
Carbon Monoxide - Diffuses into the blood and combined with red blood cells instead of oxygen
What happens when an enzyme meets a compatible substrate. Draw a labelled diagram showing this process.
Include: enzyme, substrate, active site, enzyme substrate complex, products
Draw a labelled diagram showing the structure of a cell membrane
Include phospholipids showing phosphate heads and fatty acid tails, intrinsic/extrinsic proteins, channel/carrier proteins
Why have bacteria developed antibiotic resistance? Draw a diagram or flowchart explaining this process.
An overuse of antibiotics has led to selection pressure for bacteria which resist antibiotics, leading to these bacteria becoming more common.
Draw a labelled diagram of cell from the Plantae Kingdom
Include: cell wall, cell membrane, large vacuole, nucleus, 80S ribosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, cytoplasm, golgi apparatus, rough + smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Draw a labelled diagram showing an alveolus, a blood capillary and the exchange of gasses between them.
Include alveoli wall, deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood, red blood cells, oxygen entering the blood, carbon dioxide entering the alveoli