The Elements of a State
The three essential elements that make up a state.
What are people, territory, and sovereightny?
This directly-elected institution represents EU citizens and participates in the legislative and budgetary process.
What is the European Parliament?
These are the two primary subjects of international law, as opposed to individual citizens.
What are states and international organizations?
This is the name for Italy's specific parliamentary structure, where the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate have equal powers.
What is perfect bicameralism?
This existential threat, specifically rising sea levels, is the primary motivator for Tuvalu's exploration of digital nationhood.
What is climate change?
This includes a state's terrestrial space, territorial water, air space, and even its military ships on the high seas.
What is territory?
This institution, composed of one commissioner from each member state, is the only one with the power of legislative initiative and must act in the itnerest of the Union as a whole.
What ist he European Commission?
According to the Italian Constitution, this article contains the principles rejecting war and accepting limitations of sovereignty necessary for a world order ensuring peace and justice.
What is Article 11?
MPs are granted these two key prerogatives: one protects them from trial for opinions expressed in office, and the other requires permission from their house for arrest.
What are immunity (for opinions/votes) and inviolability?
The concept of digital nationhood for Tuvalu was formally unveiled at this international climate conference in 2022.
What is COP27?
This is the power of supremacy of a state, exercised both internally over entities within it and externally as independence from other states.
What is sovereignty?
These are the two main sources of EU law, with one beign a general source that is immediately binding on all states, and the other requiring transposition into national law.
What are regulations and directives?
This main organ of the United Nations is composed of 15 members, 5 of which are permanent and hold the power of veto.
What is the Security Council?
This independent and impartial organ is the Head of State, represents national unity, and is elected for a seven-year term by Parliament in joint session.
What is the President of the Republic?
The potential loss of this maritime zone, which is central to Tuvalu's economy (contributing over 50% of its GDP), is a major legal and geopolitical risk.
What is the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)?
There are the three functions through which a state exercises its sovereignty, involving the creation of laws, meeting public needs, and resolving conflicts.
What are the legislative, executive, and judicial functions?
This institution, formed by meetings of heads of state and government, has a driving and policy function to identify the general policy directions of the Union.
What is the European Council?
These are the two sources of international law, one being a general custom and the other a voluntary agreement between specific states.
What are international customs and international treaties?
This is the final step in the legislative process, which involves the law being published in the Official Gazette before entering into force after the vacatio legis.
What is publication?
This 2023 bilateral agreement with Australia aims to secure long-term relocation options for Tuvaluan citizens while seeking to safeguard their identity and sovereignty.
What is the Falepili Union Treaty?
What is legal personhood?
These THREE institutions comprise the EU's decision-making process, described as an "intitutional triangle".
What are the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union, and the European Commission?
This principal judicial organ of the UN is responsible for resolving legal disputes between states that agree to submit to its jurisdiction.
What is the International Court of Justice?
This court, composed of fifteen judges, rules on the constitutional legitimacy of laws and on conflicts between the powers of the state.
What is the Constitutional Court?
Tuvalu's initiative challenges a key criterion for statehood as defined by this 1933 convention, which traditionally requires a defined territory and a permanent population.
What is the Montevideo Convention?