Diagnosis
People may internalize their diagnosis which could lead to an increase in symptoms.
What is: Self fulfilling prophecy
What is: reduction of very complex disorders into “objective” symptoms
What is: serotonin hypothesis
A cognitive distortion where one negative event is perceived as a never-ending, universal pattern of defeat
What is: overgeneralization
In this type of society depression is often expressed as physical symptoms rather than cognitive ones:
What is: collective
What is the term for the emotional symptoms of a disorder?
What is: Affective
This issue may come up during diagnosis when dealing with different cultures.
What is: cultural bias
This study looked at depression in MZ and DZ twins
What is: Nurnberger and Gershon (1982)
This thinking style, found in depressed people, is often described as “black and white thinking”
What is: Dichotomus thinking
This demographic is more than twice as likely to develop ptsd than the global average
What is: Women
Lifetime prevalence refers to the % of a population that will experience a disorder- but what is a prevalence rate?
What is: total # of cases in a given population
A common criticism of the DSM.
What is: reduction of very complex disorders into “objective” symptoms
This study suggested that a short variant of the 5-HTT gene may be associated with a higher risk of depression.
What is: Duenwald
This theory suggests that psychological disturbances often come from irrational and illogical thinking.
What is: cognitive style theory
This study focuses on the social origins of depression in women:
What is: Brown and Harris (1978)
This term refers to finding why people have disorders
What is: Etiology
This disorder is often misdiagnosed due to it presenting as anxiety or depression, and often goes undiagnosed without the use of patient history and talk therapy
What is : PTSD
This theory suggests that depression is caused by low production of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, and mania is inversely caused by over production
What is: catecholamine hypothesis
This study looked at thinking styles, categorizing them as positive or negative thinking. Research found that those with negative thinking styles were far more likely to develop depression later in life
What is: Alloy et al
This approach to explaining psychological disorders claims that depression may be the result of a “hereditary redisposition” where they stem from genetic factors and environmental stress
What is: diathesis-stress model
Where individuals assert normal emotions as symptoms of a disorder (which they show little or no evidence of having)
Example: labeling grief as depression
What is: Overpathologization