Piaget (Cognitive Dev.)
The stage where kids think the moon follows them.
What is the Preoperational Stage (Egocentrism)?
The "gap" between what a learner can do alone vs. with help.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?
The teenage struggle: Identity vs. ______.
What is Role Confusion?
Adding a treat to increase a behavior.
What is Positive Reinforcement?
The "Natural" trigger, like food.
What is the Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)?
Changing your schema to fit new info.
What is Accommodation?
Temporary support provided by a teacher or peer.
What is Scaffolding?
The crisis faced by toddlers seeking independence.
What is Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt?
Removing an annoying beep by buckling a seatbelt.
What is Negative Reinforcement?
When a bell starts to trigger drooling.
What is the Conditioned Stimulus (CS)?
The "Aha!" moment when logic begins (age 7-11).
What is the Concrete Operational Stage?
The internal dialogue children use to guide themselves.
What is Private Speech?
The final stage: Looking back with no regrets.
What is Integrity vs. Despair?
The "box" used to study rat behavior.
What is the Skinner Box (Operant Chamber)?
When a dog stops drooling because the bell never brings food.
What is Extinction?
Understanding that 1 liter of water is the same in any jar.
What is Conservation?
Vygotsky’s belief on which comes first: Thought or Language.
What is Language? (Vygotsky argued language drives thought).
The stage where kids want to "help" and do things "right."
What is Industry vs. Inferiority?
A schedule where you get paid for every 5 items made.
What is a Fixed-Ratio Schedule?
Drooling at a bell AND a buzzer.
What is Stimulus Generalization?
Thinking about thinking (Abstract logic).
What is the Formal Operational Stage?
The primary "tool" of culture for cognitive development.
What is Cultural Tools/Signs?
The age range for "Generativity vs. Stagnation."
What is Adulthood (approx. 40–65 years)?
This type of reinforcement is the hardest to extinguish (e.g., Slot Machines).
What is a Variable-Ratio Schedule?
The "Father" of Classical Conditioning's original profession.
What is a Physiologist? (He won the Nobel Prize for digestion!)