Motion Basics
What term describes how far an object travels from start to finish?
Distance
What type of energy is stored because of an object’s position?
Potential Energy
What is the total force acting on an object called?
Net Force
What type of motion do waves show when they repeat their rise and fall?
Back-and-forth pattern
Energy stored because of position
Potention Energy
What is the word for the strength of an object's motion?
Momentum
hat type of energy does a moving object have?
Kinetic Energy
Which situation best shows the effect of friction?
A. A ball rolling farther on tile than carpet
B. A swing moving back and forth
C. A Ferris wheel turning in circles
D. The Earth rotating
A. A ball rolling farther on tile than carpet
Why do scientists and engineers look for patterns of motion? Choose the best answer:
A. To stop objects from moving
B. To make motion random
C. To keep objects at rest forever
D. To understand how things move
D. To understand how things move
The energy of motion
Kinetic Energy
True or False: Speed describes how far an object travels, not how fast. If false, write the correct statement.
False — Speed describes how fast an object is moving, not how far it travels.
True or False: A collision can transfer energy from one object to another. If false, correct the statement.
Tue
Which statement best describes balanced forces?
A. They cause an object to rest.
B. They always speed up an object.
C. They always slow down an object.
D. They cancel each other out so the motion does not change.
D. They cancel each other out so the motion does not change.
Give an example (one sentence) of a pattern of motion you might observe that would help you predict what comes next.
Example answer: The repeating back-and-forth swing of a pendulum lets you predict where it will be next.
The total force acting on an object
Net Force
Which of these is an example of a force?
A. Time passing
B. A push that moves a chair
C. The distance between two towns
D. A number on a ruler
B. A push that moves a chair
Which example shows energy transfer during a collision?
A. A basketball rolling until it stops
B. A marble striking another marble and making it roll away
C. A runner standing still
D. A balloon floating
B. A marble striking another marble and making it roll away
Why does a ball roll farther on tile than on carpet? Give the short cause (one sentence).
Because tile has less friction than carpet, so there is less force slowing the ball, allowing it to roll farther.
Describe (in one short sentence) what “make predictions” means in terms of motion and force
It means using what has happened before to guess how an object will move in the future.
The strength of an object's motion
Momentum
A marble rolling down a ramp faster than another marble is showing the effect of which two things together?
Gravity and speed
Explain (in one sentence) how a ball at the top of a hill can end up making sound when it hits the ground. Use the terms potential energy, kinetic energy, and energy transfer.
A ball at the top of a hill has potential energy because of its position; as it rolls down, potential energy becomes kinetic energy; when it hits the ground, energy is transferred to the ground and air, producing sound.
Describe (in one or two sentences) how contact forces between objects can change their motion during a collision.
When objects touch during a collision, contact forces transfer energy from one object to another, which can make one object slow down and the other speed up or move.
Use the words gravity, friction, and net force to explain (two or three sentences) why a rolling toy car might slow down and stop.
Gravity keeps the car on the ground while friction between the wheels and surface and air resistance apply forces opposite the motion; the net force becomes opposite the motion, so the car slows down and eventually stops.
The _____ of an object is its location compared to other objects
position