Neurons
The branch-like extensions of the neuron which receive chemical signals from other cells and carry them towards the synapse.
Dendrites
The Glial cells which wrap around the Myelin Sheath in the Peripheral Nervous System.
Schwann cells
The neurotransmitter that has three circuits, controlling movement, emotion (vital in the reward system), and endocrine system regulation.
Dopamine
The gustatory sense most sensible in the central regions of the tongue, triggered mostly my glutamate.
The Umami sense
Brain disorder most famous for uncontrollable shaking, especially when the person is resting.
Parkinson’s Disease
The gap or ”empty space” between two neurons when they pass chemical signals to each other.
Synapse
The Glial cells which wrap around the Myelin Sheath in the Central Nervous System.
Oligodendrocytes
Main inhibitory neurotransmitter that stops neurons from firing to help you feel relaxed or drowsy.
GABA
Rod cells
Common condition which makes focusing or staying still very difficult
ADHD
Axons are wrapped in this fatty, white substance which speeds up electric signals.
Myelin Sheath
These Glial Cells are famous for a star-like shape and maintains the Blood-Brain Barrier.
Astrocytes
This medicine speeds up the release of Serotonin which prevents depression.
SSRI
Hair-like structures in the ear cochlea which convert vibrations into electric signals for the brain.
Disease of having trouble breathing and entering deep slow-wave sleep.
Obstructive sleep apnea
To trigger the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane, these specific ions must enter the axon terminal through voltage-gated channels.
Calcium ions
These cells line the ventricles and produce CSF.
Ependymal cells
What are catecholamines?
Dopamine, norepinephrin, and adrenaline
Which of the following is incorrect? Why?
A) The olfactory pathway‘s final relay station is the thalamus.
B) Pacinian corpuscles are fast-adapting mechanoreceptors located deep in the skin that are specialized for detecting high-frequency vibrations.
A
This is currently the only way to 100% confirm a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease by examining brain tissue for plaques and tangles.
Autopsy
This specialized region of the neuron, located between the cell body and the axon, has the highest density of voltage-gated sodium channels and is the precise site where the action potential is initiated.
Axon hillock
Give at least 6 types of Glial cells.
Astrocytes, Ependymal cells, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, Schwann cells, Satellite cells.
These two processes represent the brain's ability to strengthen or weaken connections between neurons based on activity.
Synaptic plasticity (LTP and LTD)
While pain and temperature travel via the spinothalamic tract, fine touch and vibration from the body travel to the brain via this specific white matter pathway in the spinal cord.
Dorsal columns
This transmembrane protein is cleaved by secretases (specifically beta and gamma) to produce the 42-amino acid peptide that aggregates into neurotoxic plaques.
APP Amyloid Precursor Protein